沥青路面铣刨机铣削过程的数值分析与研究
发布时间：2018-12-14 21:05
【摘要】：随着国民经济的高速发展,道路交通建设作为经济发展的基础得到了广泛的重视。铣刨机是路面修理与维护的重要设备,其需求量也在近年来得到大量提升。然而国内自主产权的铣刨机相对国外同类设备仍有很大差距,使用寿命不长、作业不稳定等缺陷让其丧失很大竞争力,所以当下铣刨机技术的研究已刻不容缓。有限元仿真技术在当下工程机械领域的研究中起到很大的辅助作用,而铣刨机相关技术研究的重点和难点是分析沥青混凝土复杂的力学属性以及构建刀具切削过程的有限元模型。本文运用有限元软件ABAQUS针对沥青混凝土的物理属性建立符合要求的本构模型,搭建刀具与沥青混凝土相互作用的有限元模型并获取铣削过程的铣削阻力;推导铣刀所受摩擦阻力以及单位铣削量所耗能量的计算公式,定量分析主要切削参数的改变对铣削性能的影响;推导振动铣削发生条件,同时分析振幅和振频对铣削作业的影响规律。主要研究内容如下:(1)对刀具进行运动学分析和受力分析,推导刀具刀尖的切削轨迹方程以及刀具所受摩擦阻力Fu与单位铣削量所消耗能量γ的计算公式;得到摩擦阻力Fu和单位铣削量所耗能量γ主要与铣刨机铣削进给速度v0、刀具旋转切削速度n以及切削厚度H等因素相关。(2)对比现有沥青混凝土的本构模型及其特征,选用Johnson-Cook模型定义沥青路面的宏观力学性能;利用有限元软件ABAQUS对刀具铣削过程进行动力学仿真分析,得到刀具在各参数变化下所受X向和Y向的铣削阻力,并导入MATLAB中计算获取刀具摩擦阻力Fu和单位铣削量所耗能量γ,探讨二者大小随各因素变化的规律。(3)在常规铣削作业上施加椭圆振动和X向振动方式,对比二者对铣刨过程的影响,选用X向振动作为振动切削的振动方式;推导振动铣削生成条件,建立振动切削过程的数值模型进行仿真分析;单因素法讨论振幅和振频分别对振动铣削作业的影响,结果表明:在一定范围内,振幅和振频的增加均会促使刀具摩擦阻力的减小,但是其减小幅度也越来越小。对比计算结果选取一组最优振动参数,为铣刨机振动铣削的研究提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, road traffic construction, as the foundation of economic development, has received extensive attention. Milling machine is an important equipment for pavement repair and maintenance, and its demand has been greatly increased in recent years. However, the domestic independent property rights milling machine still has a big gap compared with the foreign similar equipment, the service life is not long, the work is unstable and other defects make it lose its great competitiveness, so it is urgent to study the milling machine technology at present. Finite element simulation technology plays a very important role in the research of construction machinery. The emphasis and difficulty of the research on milling machine is to analyze the complex mechanical properties of asphalt concrete and to build the finite element model of cutting process. In this paper, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to establish the constitutive model for the physical properties of asphalt concrete. The finite element model of the interaction between the cutter and the asphalt concrete is built and the milling resistance of the milling process is obtained. The formulas for calculating friction resistance and energy consumption per unit milling amount of milling cutter are deduced, and the influence of main cutting parameters on milling performance is quantitatively analyzed. The conditions of vibration milling are deduced, and the influence of amplitude and frequency on milling operation is analyzed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the kinematic analysis and force analysis of the cutter are carried out, and the cutting path equation of the cutter tip and the formula of the friction resistance Fu and the energy consumption 纬 per unit milling amount of the tool are derived. The friction resistance (Fu) and the energy consumption per unit milling amount (纬) are mainly related to milling feed speed v _ 0, tool rotation cutting spee dna nd cutting thickness H. (2) compared with the existing constitutive model of asphalt concrete and its characteristics, the friction resistance and the energy consumption per unit milling amount are mainly related to the milling feed speed v _ 0, tool rotation cutting spee dna nd cutting thickness H, etc. Johnson-Cook model is used to define the macroscopic mechanical properties of asphalt pavement. The dynamic simulation analysis of cutter milling process is carried out by using finite element software ABAQUS, and the milling resistance in X direction and Y direction is obtained under the change of parameters, and the friction resistance Fu and the energy consumption per unit milling amount 纬 are calculated in MATLAB. (3) applying elliptical vibration and X-direction vibration to the conventional milling operation, comparing their effects on the milling and planing process, and selecting the X-direction vibration as the vibration mode of vibration cutting; The generating conditions of vibration milling are deduced, and the numerical model of vibration cutting process is established for simulation analysis. The single factor method is used to discuss the effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on vibration milling. The results show that the increase of amplitude and vibration frequency can make the friction resistance of cutting tool decrease in a certain range, but the decreasing amplitude is becoming smaller and smaller. A set of optimal vibration parameters are selected to provide a reference for the study of milling machine vibration milling.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U418.3
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, road traffic construction, as the foundation of economic development, has received extensive attention. Milling machine is an important equipment for pavement repair and maintenance, and its demand has been greatly increased in recent years. However, the domestic independent property rights milling machine still has a big gap compared with the foreign similar equipment, the service life is not long, the work is unstable and other defects make it lose its great competitiveness, so it is urgent to study the milling machine technology at present. Finite element simulation technology plays a very important role in the research of construction machinery. The emphasis and difficulty of the research on milling machine is to analyze the complex mechanical properties of asphalt concrete and to build the finite element model of cutting process. In this paper, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to establish the constitutive model for the physical properties of asphalt concrete. The finite element model of the interaction between the cutter and the asphalt concrete is built and the milling resistance of the milling process is obtained. The formulas for calculating friction resistance and energy consumption per unit milling amount of milling cutter are deduced, and the influence of main cutting parameters on milling performance is quantitatively analyzed. The conditions of vibration milling are deduced, and the influence of amplitude and frequency on milling operation is analyzed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the kinematic analysis and force analysis of the cutter are carried out, and the cutting path equation of the cutter tip and the formula of the friction resistance Fu and the energy consumption 纬 per unit milling amount of the tool are derived. The friction resistance (Fu) and the energy consumption per unit milling amount (纬) are mainly related to milling feed speed v _ 0, tool rotation cutting spee dna nd cutting thickness H. (2) compared with the existing constitutive model of asphalt concrete and its characteristics, the friction resistance and the energy consumption per unit milling amount are mainly related to the milling feed speed v _ 0, tool rotation cutting spee dna nd cutting thickness H, etc. Johnson-Cook model is used to define the macroscopic mechanical properties of asphalt pavement. The dynamic simulation analysis of cutter milling process is carried out by using finite element software ABAQUS, and the milling resistance in X direction and Y direction is obtained under the change of parameters, and the friction resistance Fu and the energy consumption per unit milling amount 纬 are calculated in MATLAB. (3) applying elliptical vibration and X-direction vibration to the conventional milling operation, comparing their effects on the milling and planing process, and selecting the X-direction vibration as the vibration mode of vibration cutting; The generating conditions of vibration milling are deduced, and the numerical model of vibration cutting process is established for simulation analysis. The single factor method is used to discuss the effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on vibration milling. The results show that the increase of amplitude and vibration frequency can make the friction resistance of cutting tool decrease in a certain range, but the decreasing amplitude is becoming smaller and smaller. A set of optimal vibration parameters are selected to provide a reference for the study of milling machine vibration milling.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U418.3
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