基于Agent的微观交通仿真系统研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 20:30

【摘要】：伴随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,交通系统中所容纳的影响因素也越来越多。而这也使得在实际交通环境中,进行交通优化方案方面的探索变得十分的困难。面对这样的问题,利用计算机相关技术对交通系统运行进行仿真模拟成为一个行之有效的方法。本文通过对实际交通系统中车辆模型结构、相关数据及驾驶行为原理的研究和归纳,建立了车辆的Agent模型、产生模型及行为模型等,同时通过对实际交通系统中路网元素的分析,建立了具有良好适应性的路网描述模型。在方便友好的人机交互界面上,实现了多变交通环境下对交通运行过程的仿真,同时对仿真过程中的数据进行记录,以便于进行分析,最终能够实现为优化交通方案提供数据及其他方面的参考。论文首先对仿真系统的静态模型部分进行了整理,包括车辆Agent的模型、交通规则以及路网描述等模型。通过对实际车辆进行抽象和简化,并考虑Agent特性,先建立了车辆Agent的物理模型,能够较准确的表示实际交通系统中复杂多样的车辆组成。随后对实际交通系统中的路网元素进行了建模,将路网元素按照几何特征的不同分为几类,可以通过自由组合形成形式多样的双车道路网描述文件。同时将交通控制元素添加在相应部分中,可在编辑路网描述文件、设置元素属性的同时,对交通控制元素的属性进行控制和修改,以方便实现不同交通控制条件下的运动仿真。在此基础上对常用几种交通规则进行了整理和建模。其次,对仿真系统运行中所涉及的模型进行了建模,包括车辆产生、车辆行为等模型以及路径算法的实现。通过对在发生时随机赋予车辆不同的随机状态,以实现更接近于实际交通系统中的车辆表现。随后选取了较为典型的三种行为,对其行为模型进行分析、描述和讨论,并利用Agent特性讨论其决策实现。之后在系统中设置了固定路径以及最短路径算法优先两种路线选择的方式,前者优先级高。最后,设计实现了交通仿真系统,包括地图编辑模块和仿真控制模块。在地图编辑模块中除包含常规的路网元素绘制功能外,还设置了旋转、删除、替换等对路网元素的操作,以更加灵活多样的方式实现路网描述。在仿真控制模块中设置了对仿真过程进行控制的相应功能。通过利用仿真系统对实际案例进行仿真,证明该系统能够满足常用交通环境下的仿真需求,并且可以提供相应的数据,形成结论支持对实际交通系统的优化和改进。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, there are more and more influence factors in the transportation system. This makes it very difficult to explore the traffic optimization scheme in the actual traffic environment. In the face of this problem, it is an effective method to use computer related technology to simulate the operation of traffic system. Based on the research and induction of vehicle model structure, relevant data and driving behavior principle in actual traffic system, the Agent model of vehicle is established, and the model and behavior model of vehicle are established in this paper. At the same time, through the analysis of the road network elements in the actual traffic system, a good adaptive road network description model is established. In the convenient and friendly man-machine interface, the simulation of the traffic running process is realized under the changeable traffic environment. At the same time, the data in the simulation process are recorded to facilitate the analysis. Finally, it can provide data and other reference for optimizing traffic scheme. Firstly, the static model of the simulation system is arranged, including the vehicle Agent model, traffic rules and road network description model. By abstracting and simplifying the actual vehicle and considering the characteristics of Agent, the physical model of the vehicle Agent is established, which can accurately represent the complex and diverse vehicle composition in the actual traffic system. Then the road network elements in the actual traffic system are modeled. The road network elements can be divided into several categories according to the different geometric characteristics, and can form a variety of two-lane road network description files through free combination. At the same time, the traffic control elements can be added to the corresponding parts, the road network description files can be edited, and the attributes of the traffic control elements can be controlled and modified at the same time, so that the motion simulation under different traffic control conditions can be realized conveniently. On this basis, several common traffic rules are sorted out and modeled. Secondly, the models involved in the simulation system are modeled, including vehicle generation, vehicle behavior and the implementation of the path algorithm. By assigning different random states to the vehicle at the time of its occurrence, the performance of the vehicle is more similar to that of the real traffic system. Then, three typical behaviors are selected, their behavior models are analyzed, described and discussed, and their decision implementation is discussed by using the characteristics of Agent. Then the fixed path and the shortest path algorithm priority are set in the system, the former has high priority. Finally, the traffic simulation system is designed and implemented, including map editing module and simulation control module. In the map editing module, in addition to the normal drawing function of road network elements, rotation, deletion and replacement of network elements are also set up to realize road network description in a more flexible and diverse way. The corresponding function of controlling the simulation process is set up in the simulation control module. By using the simulation system to simulate the actual cases, it is proved that the system can meet the needs of the simulation in common traffic environment, and can provide the corresponding data, and draw a conclusion to support the optimization and improvement of the actual traffic system.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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