稳定型橡塑高分子合金改性沥青的研究
发布时间：2019-01-07 16:49
【摘要】：针对我国高等级公路沥青路面车流量大、重载、超载现象严重等特点,聚合物改性沥青已成为改善沥青路用性能常用的有效途径和发展方向,而废橡胶粉和废塑料又凭其资源丰富、价格低廉、加工工艺简单及其优质的路用性能被国内外广泛采用,其中橡胶类改性剂对沥青低温性能改善明显,塑料类改性剂对沥青高温性能改善明显,如果能将废旧塑料和废旧橡胶合成一种新型的改性材料,发挥单一改性剂的优势,不仅改善沥青材料的路用性能,也会带来显著的社会价值和经济效益。本文从高效合金的理念出发,研究以废橡胶、废塑料为原料合成的高分子材料对沥青的改性效果。首先对橡塑改性沥青的制备工艺进行探索,确定改性剂和稳定剂的最佳掺量,制备性能优良的改性沥青；通过针入度体系下指标和SHRP沥青胶结料性能指标对比分析橡塑、橡胶、塑料、SBS改性沥青的性能,综合评价橡塑改性沥青对性能的改善；通过官能团分析、结构形态分析、相容性分析探讨橡塑改性沥青的改性机理,从微观尺度探索改性剂对沥青的影响；最后提出了橡塑改性沥青的技术要求。研究结果表明：由针入度分级指标软化点、60℃粘度、延度、针入度等评价橡塑改性沥青时,改性效果不如SBS改善明显；通过SHRP指标G/sinδ、δ、S、m等评价路用性能时,橡塑改性沥青的高、低温性能、疲劳性能等都显著提高,甚至高温性能优于SBS和橡胶改性沥青。通过DSR重复剪切试验研究发现：橡塑改性沥青的疲劳性能优于橡胶和塑料改性沥青,橡塑改性沥青有较好的抗疲劳特性；从红外光谱吸收峰特征分析发现橡塑改性剂和橡塑改性沥青的共混方式为物理共混,这就有效确保了橡塑合金过程中未改变橡胶和塑料的优势特性,确保其在和沥青共混的过程中不损伤两种物质的优势效果,从而赋予沥青较好的高温稳定性和低温抗裂性。合适的改性剂掺量是橡塑改性沥青形成紧密空间网络结构的必要条件；通过微观分析发现橡塑改性剂和沥青有较好的相容性,溶胀较充分,改性剂呈团状或絮状均匀的分散在沥青中,沥青相和改性剂相互穿形成空间网络结构,约束橡塑改性沥青的流动和变形,改善沥青的高温抗变形、低温抗开裂、抗疲劳和抗老化特性。本文基于室内试验,对不同掺量的橡塑改性沥青进行试验检测,提出了橡塑改性沥青的技术要求,指导橡塑改性沥青的生产和应用。
[Abstract]:In view of the characteristics of large vehicle flow, heavy load and serious overload on asphalt pavement of high grade highway in China, polymer modified asphalt has become an effective way and developing direction to improve the performance of asphalt road. Waste rubber powder and waste plastics are widely used at home and abroad because of their rich resources, low price, simple processing technology and high quality road performance, among which rubber modifiers can improve the low temperature performance of asphalt obviously. Plastic modifiers can obviously improve the high temperature performance of asphalt. If a new type of modified material can be synthesized from waste plastics and waste rubber, the advantages of a single modifier will not only improve the pavement performance of asphalt materials. It will also bring significant social value and economic benefits. Based on the concept of high efficiency alloy, the modification effect of polymer materials synthesized from waste rubber and waste plastics on asphalt was studied. Firstly, the preparation process of rubber-plastic modified asphalt was explored, and the optimum content of modifier and stabilizer was determined to prepare the modified asphalt with good performance. The properties of rubber, plastic and SBS modified asphalt were compared with SHRP asphalt binder under penetration system, and the performance improvement of rubber and plastic modified asphalt was evaluated. The modification mechanism of rubber-plastic modified asphalt was discussed by functional group analysis, structural morphology analysis and compatibility analysis, and the influence of modifier on asphalt was explored from microscopic scale. Finally, the technical requirements of rubber-plastic modified asphalt were put forward. The results show that when the softening point, viscosity, ductility and penetration of rubber and plastic modified asphalt are evaluated by the grading index of penetration degree, the modification effect is less obvious than that of SBS. The high, low temperature and fatigue properties of rubber-plastic modified asphalt were significantly improved through the evaluation of road performance by SHRP index G/sin 未 and Schim. Even the high temperature performance of rubber modified asphalt was superior to that of SBS and rubber modified asphalt. Through repeated shear test of DSR, it is found that the fatigue performance of rubber modified asphalt is better than that of rubber and plastic modified asphalt, and the rubber plastic modified asphalt has better fatigue resistance. From the characteristic analysis of infrared absorption peak, it is found that the blending mode of rubber and plastic modifier and modified asphalt is physical blending, which ensures that rubber and plastics are not changed in the process of rubber and plastic alloy. It is ensured that the superior effect of the two substances is not damaged in the process of blending with asphalt, thus giving asphalt better high temperature stability and low temperature cracking resistance. The appropriate amount of modifier is the necessary condition for the formation of compact spatial network structure of rubber and plastic modified asphalt. Through microscopic analysis, it is found that rubber and plastic modifiers have good compatibility with asphalt, and swelling is more sufficient. The modifiers are uniformly dispersed in asphalt in the form of agglomerate or flocculent, and the asphalt phase and modifier penetrate each other to form a space network structure. The flow and deformation of rubber and plastic modified asphalt are restricted to improve the properties of high temperature deformation resistance, low temperature cracking resistance, fatigue resistance and aging resistance of asphalt. Based on the laboratory test, this paper presents the technical requirements of rubber and plastic modified asphalt, which can guide the production and application of rubber and plastic modified asphalt.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U414
本文编号：2403894
[Abstract]:In view of the characteristics of large vehicle flow, heavy load and serious overload on asphalt pavement of high grade highway in China, polymer modified asphalt has become an effective way and developing direction to improve the performance of asphalt road. Waste rubber powder and waste plastics are widely used at home and abroad because of their rich resources, low price, simple processing technology and high quality road performance, among which rubber modifiers can improve the low temperature performance of asphalt obviously. Plastic modifiers can obviously improve the high temperature performance of asphalt. If a new type of modified material can be synthesized from waste plastics and waste rubber, the advantages of a single modifier will not only improve the pavement performance of asphalt materials. It will also bring significant social value and economic benefits. Based on the concept of high efficiency alloy, the modification effect of polymer materials synthesized from waste rubber and waste plastics on asphalt was studied. Firstly, the preparation process of rubber-plastic modified asphalt was explored, and the optimum content of modifier and stabilizer was determined to prepare the modified asphalt with good performance. The properties of rubber, plastic and SBS modified asphalt were compared with SHRP asphalt binder under penetration system, and the performance improvement of rubber and plastic modified asphalt was evaluated. The modification mechanism of rubber-plastic modified asphalt was discussed by functional group analysis, structural morphology analysis and compatibility analysis, and the influence of modifier on asphalt was explored from microscopic scale. Finally, the technical requirements of rubber-plastic modified asphalt were put forward. The results show that when the softening point, viscosity, ductility and penetration of rubber and plastic modified asphalt are evaluated by the grading index of penetration degree, the modification effect is less obvious than that of SBS. The high, low temperature and fatigue properties of rubber-plastic modified asphalt were significantly improved through the evaluation of road performance by SHRP index G/sin 未 and Schim. Even the high temperature performance of rubber modified asphalt was superior to that of SBS and rubber modified asphalt. Through repeated shear test of DSR, it is found that the fatigue performance of rubber modified asphalt is better than that of rubber and plastic modified asphalt, and the rubber plastic modified asphalt has better fatigue resistance. From the characteristic analysis of infrared absorption peak, it is found that the blending mode of rubber and plastic modifier and modified asphalt is physical blending, which ensures that rubber and plastics are not changed in the process of rubber and plastic alloy. It is ensured that the superior effect of the two substances is not damaged in the process of blending with asphalt, thus giving asphalt better high temperature stability and low temperature cracking resistance. The appropriate amount of modifier is the necessary condition for the formation of compact spatial network structure of rubber and plastic modified asphalt. Through microscopic analysis, it is found that rubber and plastic modifiers have good compatibility with asphalt, and swelling is more sufficient. The modifiers are uniformly dispersed in asphalt in the form of agglomerate or flocculent, and the asphalt phase and modifier penetrate each other to form a space network structure. The flow and deformation of rubber and plastic modified asphalt are restricted to improve the properties of high temperature deformation resistance, low temperature cracking resistance, fatigue resistance and aging resistance of asphalt. Based on the laboratory test, this paper presents the technical requirements of rubber and plastic modified asphalt, which can guide the production and application of rubber and plastic modified asphalt.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U414
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，本文编号：2403894
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