基于元胞自动机的城市车辆换道模型仿真研究

发布时间：2019-01-07 16:46

【摘要】：随着汽车保有量的与日俱增，城市道路交通中由车辆换道引起的交通事故日趋增加，在一定程度上造成了交通拥堵，大大降低了道路行驶安全性。在复杂的城市交通路况下，驾驶员为追求更快的速度，在行驶过程中经常会采取换道行为。因此，有必要对我国城市道路交通中有关车辆换道行为进行研究，从而寻找有效措施避免交通事故的发生。本文以车辆换道行为分析和元胞自动机基本理论为基础，通过观察实际双向四车道上车辆换道情况和运行环境，建立城市交通流中双向四车道车辆换道模型和基于驾驶员驾驶行为的双向四车道车辆换道模型。通过MATLAB软件中M文件编程仿真，得到不同条件下车辆换道对交通流不同的影响度。本文具体内容如下：第一章主要介绍论文的研究背景和目的意义，分析和总结了国内外有关车辆换道行为和元胞自动机基本理论在换道模型中应用的研究现状，确定了本论文的框架安排。第二章详细阐述车辆换道行为和元胞自动机基本理论。总结了车辆换道的定义、分类以及每种换道方式的主要特点，并分析影响车辆换道的主要因素。同时介绍了元胞自动机的定义、基本组成、基本结构、特征以及在交通流领域的应用，并将车辆换道的影响因素和元胞自动机基本理论相结合，为三、四章换道模型的建立提供理论依据。第三章建立了城市交通流双车道元胞自动机换道模型。双车道是城市道路交通中一种主要存在形式，通过实地考察双向四车道上车辆换道情况和周围交通环境，确定元胞自动机模型的各个参数和演化规则，设置元胞边界、邻居模型以及路段上行驶车辆的类型、速度等条件，建立更贴近于实际双车道道路的元胞自动机换道模型。基于经典NS模型将交通信号周期、公交车等因素加入改进换道模型，改变传统模型中简单的加减速规则，采用的“速度确定两步法”提高了仿真系统中车辆速度演化的准确性、时效性，使模型更加完善。利用MATLAB软件仿真，获得各个影响因素对车辆换道以及整个交通流的影响，同时验证了模型的准确性。第四章重点介绍了基于驾驶员驾驶行为的城市双车道元胞自动机换道模型。该模型将不同驾驶员分为5个类型，即保守型（con）、谨慎型（cau）、常规型（gen）、激进型（agg）、冒险型（adv）。根据不同类型驾驶员的驾驶习惯和应变能力的差异，分别建立城市车辆双车道元胞自动机换道模型，，通过换道模型仿真，得出不同驾驶员换道行为对交通流影响的差异度。此外，针对冒险型和激进型驾驶员所引起的违章换道行为，本文对其进行重点分析，并以案例说明，验证了换道行为对于整个交通流安全的重要性。第五章总结了全文主要研究内容及得出的结论，同时针对模型的局限性以及缺陷，提出了有待解决的问题。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of vehicles, the traffic accidents caused by the change of vehicles in urban road traffic are increasing day by day, resulting in traffic congestion to a certain extent and greatly reducing the safety of road driving. In complex urban traffic conditions, drivers often change lanes in order to achieve faster speed. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vehicle changing behavior in urban road traffic in China, so as to find effective measures to avoid traffic accidents. Based on the analysis of vehicle changing behavior and the basic theory of cellular automata, this paper observes the situation and running environment of the actual two-way four-lane vehicle change. The bidirectional four-lane vehicle changing model and the bidirectional four-lane vehicle changing model based on driver's driving behavior are established in urban traffic flow. Through programming simulation of M file in MATLAB software, different influence degree of traffic flow is obtained under different conditions. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter mainly introduces the research background and purpose significance of the thesis, and analyzes and summarizes the current research situation of the application of the basic theory of the vehicle change behavior and cellular automata in the change of track model at home and abroad. The frame arrangement of this paper is determined. In the second chapter, the basic theory of vehicle changing and cellular automata is described in detail. In this paper, the definition, classification and main characteristics of each type of vehicle change are summarized, and the main factors influencing the change of vehicle are analyzed. At the same time, the definition, basic composition, basic structure, characteristics and application in the field of traffic flow of cellular automata are introduced. Chapter four provides the theoretical basis for the establishment of the changing channel model. In chapter 3, the model of two-lane cellular automata for urban traffic flow is established. Two-lane is one of the main existing forms of urban road traffic. The parameters and evolution rules of the cellular automata model are determined and the cellular boundaries are set up by investigating the changing situation of vehicles on the two-way four-lane and the surrounding traffic environment on the spot. The neighbor model and the conditions of the type and speed of the vehicle driving on the road section are used to establish the cellular automata change model which is closer to the actual two-lane road. Based on the classical NS model, the traffic signal cycle, bus and other factors are added to the improved change model, and the simple acceleration and deceleration rules in the traditional model are changed. The speed determination two-step method is adopted to improve the accuracy of the vehicle speed evolution in the simulation system. Timeliness, make the model more perfect. By using MATLAB software simulation, the influence of various factors on the change of the vehicle and the whole traffic flow is obtained, and the accuracy of the model is verified at the same time. In chapter 4, the urban dual-lane cellular automata model based on driver's driving behavior is introduced. The model divides different drivers into five types: conservative (con), cautious (cau), conventional (gen), radical (agg), adventurous (adv). According to the difference of driving habit and strain ability of different drivers, two lane cellular automata (Cellular automata) change lane model of urban vehicles is established, and the difference of the influence of different drivers' changing behavior on traffic flow is obtained through the simulation of changing lane model. In addition, in view of the risky and aggressive drivers caused by illegal traffic change behavior, this paper focuses on its analysis, and with a case study, verify the importance of the traffic flow safety behavior for the whole traffic flow. The fifth chapter summarizes the main research contents and conclusions, and puts forward the problems to be solved in view of the limitations and defects of the model.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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