基于元胞自动机的非机动车流微观仿真研究

发布时间：2019-01-17 20:58

【摘要】：我国的城市化进程不断的深入发展,交通需求量也随之大幅度增加,致使城市车辆的保有量逐年提高,经常出现机非机动车在同一道路上行驶的情况。许多城市针对这个问题设置了具有物理隔离带的非机动车道,其作为城市中慢行交通网络不可缺少的构成部分,这使得如何提高其道路服务水平变得非常有意义。为了减轻城市停车的压力,更有一些非机动车道上面被设置了机动车的停车带,致使机动车会不间断驶入非机动车道进行停车行为,机非混合交通流因此就形成了。这进一步加剧了非机动车道上交通的混乱状况,导致交通事故频繁发生,直接造成城市交通路网通行能力的降低。所以本文建立符合实际的交通流模型来研究不同情况下的非机动车流交通特性,并且运用相应模型为改善交通拥堵做了一些基础性的工作,具有十分重要的意义。本文主要研究内容如下:(1)先是综述元胞自动机简要的发展历程以及一些基本要素,然后简单对元胞自动机运用于交通流领域的若干个经典模型做了介绍,并且进一步分析了交通流三要素和其相互关系。(2)运用了实验室已有的相关实验设配和数据资源,并且结合实地调研。在此基础上,从车辆的物理特性、车辆骑行行为特性、骑行人员的特性三个方面,分别对混合交通中的非机动车与机动车的交通特性进行了深入研究。(3)针对我国中小城市中非机动车流的构成体系发生了显著变化,电动三轮车和电动自行车的保有量逐年提高。针对车辆的实际尺寸和驾驶特性的差异,在STNS模型的基础上,考虑前车速度效应,建立多车道混合非机动车元胞自动机模型。并使用计算机对该模型进行模拟仿真,取得在特定电动三轮车比例、慢化概率、换道概率下的基本图。最后通过与实际数据进行对比分析证明了该模型的可用于描述和分析实际道路交通。(4)针对许多城市非机动专用道上都设有机动车的停车区域,为了研究这种路内停车行为对于非机动车流产生的影响。本文将适用于两轮车的EBCA1模型与适用于机动车的SDNS模型进行耦合,最终建立适用于机非混合车流的CA模型。通过计算机在设有两种不同停车带的环境下对机动车进入路边停车位的行为进行仿真,分别分析了机各种条件下机动车的停车行为对交通流的影响。并且将仿真数据与实际数据进行对比分析,验证了模型的实用性,最后运用该模型提出了是否能够设置非机动车道路内停车带的道路交通流的标准值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of urbanization in our country, the traffic demand increases greatly, which leads to the increase of urban vehicle ownership year by year, which often occurs when non-motor vehicles travel on the same road. Many cities have set up non-motorized lanes with physical separation zone, which is an indispensable component of slow traffic network in cities, which makes it very meaningful to improve the level of road service. In order to reduce the pressure of urban parking, some non-motorized lanes are provided with the parking belt of the motor vehicle, which causes the vehicle to drive into the non-motorized lane without interruption to stop, so the non-mixed traffic flow is formed. This further exacerbates the traffic chaos in non-motorized lanes, which leads to frequent traffic accidents, which directly reduces the capacity of urban traffic network. So this paper establishes the traffic flow model which is in line with the actual situation to study the traffic characteristics of non-motor vehicle flow under different conditions, and uses the corresponding model to do some basic work to improve traffic congestion, which has very important significance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) firstly, the brief development of cellular automata and some basic elements are reviewed, and then several classical models of cellular automata applied in traffic flow field are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the three elements of traffic flow and their relationships are analyzed. (2) the related experimental settings and data resources are used in the laboratory, and combined with field research. On this basis, from three aspects of the physical characteristics of the vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicle riding behavior, the characteristics of cyclists, The traffic characteristics of non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles in mixed traffic are studied respectively. (3) the composition system of non-motor vehicle flow in small and medium-sized cities in China has changed significantly. The number of electric tricycles and electric bicycles has increased year by year. In view of the difference of the actual size and driving characteristics of the vehicle, the cellular automata model of multi-lane hybrid non-motor vehicle is established on the basis of the STNS model and considering the velocity effect of the vehicle in front of the vehicle. The computer is used to simulate the model, and the basic diagram is obtained under the specific electric tricycle proportion, the probability of slowing down and the probability of changing lanes. Finally, it is proved that the model can be used to describe and analyze the actual road traffic by comparing with the actual data. (4) there are parking areas for motor vehicles on non-motorized special roads in many cities. In order to study the effect of the on-street parking behavior on the flow of non-motor vehicles. In this paper, the EBCA1 model for two-wheeled vehicle is coupled with the SDNS model for motor vehicle, and finally the CA model for non-hybrid vehicle flow is established. The behavior of vehicle entering the roadside parking space is simulated by computer in the environment with two different parking bands, and the influence of the parking behavior of motor vehicle on traffic flow under various conditions is analyzed respectively. The simulation data and the actual data are compared and analyzed to verify the practicability of the model. Finally, the standard value of the road traffic flow with non-motorized lane parking belt can be set up by using the model.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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