中小公路桥梁工程施工阶段的风险管理研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 13:28

【摘要】：据国家交通运输部官网数据显示,截止2016年年底,我国公路桥梁有95.72万座,其中中小公路桥梁的比例达到89.9%。伴随着经济发展,公路桥梁作为交通运输环节重要的一环,其在交通咽喉的地位日益重要,但由于公路桥梁施工具有工期长,参建单位多且施工技术水平参差不齐,地理分布广泛等项目特点,在实际项目施工中通常存在风险因素多和管理效率低等问题,因此,对中小公路桥梁施工阶段的风险管理研究就显得非常有意义。目前国内外对于大桥、特大型桥梁建设项目的风险管理理论研究已经达到了一个很高层次水平,项目风险分析和评价的方法也有很多,但很多研究桥梁风险的学者基本是基于对特大型或大型桥梁的研究,或者只是开展对其某部分进行研究,而特大型桥梁和中小公路桥梁无论从施工人员素质、施工机械设备水平,还是参建单位资质、技术管理水平等方面都有很多的差异,在实践中往往很多管理技术人员把针对大型桥梁施工阶段的风险研究完全套用在中小公路桥梁的施工方面,对中小公路桥梁施工阶段的风险理解和分析不够深入,使得在进行具体的中小公路桥梁项目风险管理时选择不合适的风险评估办法,最终的结果是增加了对中小公路桥梁项目的风险管理难度,这不仅直接关系到桥梁建设中涉及的质量、进度和成本等控制目标的合理实现,也无形中增加了潜在的不利风险因素。因此,开展对中小公路桥梁施工阶段的风险管理研究对桥梁施工管理人员意义重大。本文首先介绍了课题研究的背景、意义、目的、国内外桥梁发展现状以及现阶段我国桥梁风险管理研究存在的问题,并结合笔者工作实践中积累的中小公路桥梁风险管理经验,构建了中小公路桥梁风险管理的理论框架。以公路桥梁建设管理者角度出发,对中小公路桥梁风险管理因素进行识别、并运用模糊综合分析法进行评估,尝试找到有效解决中小公路型桥梁施工阶段的风险管理方法和应对策略,从理论上为工程实践提供参考的方法和思路,并以马元河中桥为实际案例展开风险管理研究。
[Abstract]:By the end of 2016, there were 957200 highway bridges in China, with the proportion of small ones reaching 89. 9%, according to the official website of the Ministry of Communications and Transport. With the development of economy, highway bridge, as an important link of transportation, plays an increasingly important role in traffic throat. However, because of its long construction period, many participating units and uneven construction technology, the highway bridge has a long construction period. There are many risk factors and low management efficiency in the actual project construction, so it is very meaningful to study the risk management of the small and medium-sized highway bridge construction stage. At present, the research on risk management theory of bridge and super-large bridge construction project has reached a high level at home and abroad, and there are many methods of project risk analysis and evaluation. However, many scholars who study bridge risk are basically based on the study of super large or large bridges, or only carry out research on some part of them, and super large bridges and medium and small highway bridges, whether from the quality of construction personnel, There are many differences in the level of construction machinery and equipment, the qualifications of participating units, the level of technical management, etc. In practice, many management technicians apply the risk research in the construction stage of large bridges to the construction of small and medium-sized highway bridges completely, but the risk understanding and analysis of the small and medium-sized highway bridges in the construction stage is not deep enough. It makes the risk management of small and medium highway bridge project more difficult to select the inappropriate risk assessment method when carrying out the risk management of the small and medium-sized highway bridge project, the final result is to increase the risk management difficulty of the small and medium-sized highway bridge project. This is not only directly related to the reasonable realization of control objectives such as quality, schedule and cost involved in bridge construction, but also increases the potential adverse risk factors. Therefore, it is of great significance for bridge construction managers to carry out risk management research in the construction stage of medium and small highway bridges. This paper first introduces the background, significance, purpose, current situation of bridge development at home and abroad and the problems existing in the study of bridge risk management in China at present, and combines the experiences of risk management of medium and small highway bridges accumulated in the author's work practice. The theoretical framework of risk management of medium and small highway bridges is constructed. From the view of highway bridge construction manager, the risk management factors of medium and small highway bridges are identified, and the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method is used to evaluate the risk management factors. This paper tries to find out the effective risk management methods and countermeasures to solve the construction stage of small and medium-sized highway bridges, provides the method and train of thought for engineering practice in theory, and takes the middle bridge of Mayuanghe as the actual case to carry out the risk management research.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U415.1;U445.1

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