重庆主城区行人过街交通特性研究
发布时间：2019-01-26 12:33
【摘要】：随着机动车保有量不断增加,交通拥堵问题日益明显,从机动车角度解决交通问题已经成为常态思路,由此引发人车之间的矛盾不减反增。从行人角度改善交通问题势在必行,因为行人是城市交通中不可或缺的一部分,研究行人的过街行为及心理特征是开展行人过街设施建设和改善的基础,同时也是提高交通运行效率的重要环节。目前,解决行人过街交通问题大多都是从客观环境的角度去考虑,往往忽视了行人自身的心理感受,造成过街设施的利用率不高,行人违章现象屡禁不止。本论文主要从心理学的角度对行人过街交通行为进行定性和定量的分析。在进行科学调查的前提下,对重庆主城区行人过街交通特性进行分析,引入心理学原理建立不同环境下行人过街方式偏好度模型,定性地描述了行人过街方式的选择过程,量化了过街方式选择的偏好程度,从行人的角度对过街设施的设置提供建议和意见。首先,通过实地调查对重庆市主城区行人过街行为的过程及特征进行分析,对行人过街的交通流参数做出描述,对行人过街的违章过程、违章率及违章因素进行分析。其次,从心理层面调查分析重庆市行人过街违章心理、行人过街溢出心理、行人过街设施偏好心理、行人过街安全心理距离、行人过街心理可接受绕行距离、行人过街心理极限等待时间等内容,为行人的过街行为提供了合理的解释。然后,基于心理学原理中的前景理论及直觉模糊数决策方法,对行人过街方式偏好进行研究,建立行人过街方式偏好度模型,从行人的角度对过街设施的设置提供建议和意见。最后,对重庆市南岸区几个具有代表性的区域(商圈、学校、居民区、写字楼)做实例分析。以调查数据为基础,结合心理学原理,分别得出四个典型区中行人对各种过街方式的偏好程度,排序并选择偏好度最大的过街方式作为合理设置过街设施的依据。将问卷调查所得的结果与模型结果进行对比校验,验证了此模型的有效性和实用性。论文的研究成果为行人过街设施的合理设置与优化提供了参考,对建设部门规划建设道路慢行交通系统提供一定参考意见。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of motor vehicles, the problem of traffic congestion is becoming more and more obvious. Solving traffic problems from the perspective of motor vehicles has become the normal way of thinking, which leads to the conflict between people and cars not reduce but increase. It is imperative to improve traffic problems from the perspective of pedestrians, because pedestrians are an indispensable part of urban traffic. The study of pedestrian behavior and psychological characteristics is the basis for the construction and improvement of pedestrian crossing facilities. At the same time, it is also an important link to improve the efficiency of traffic operation. At present, most of the pedestrian traffic problems are considered from the perspective of the objective environment, often ignoring the psychological feelings of pedestrians, resulting in a low utilization rate of crossing facilities, pedestrian violations. This paper analyzes the pedestrian traffic behavior qualitatively and quantitatively from the perspective of psychology. On the premise of scientific investigation, the characteristics of pedestrian crossing traffic in Chongqing main urban area are analyzed, and the preference model of pedestrian crossing mode under different circumstances is established by introducing psychological principle, and the selection process of pedestrian crossing mode is described qualitatively. This paper quantifies the preference degree of crossing mode choice, and provides suggestions and opinions on the setting of crossing facilities from the point of view of pedestrians. Firstly, the paper analyzes the process and characteristics of pedestrian crossing behavior in Chongqing's main urban area, describes the traffic flow parameters of pedestrian crossing, and analyzes the illegal process, violation rate and illegal factors of pedestrian crossing. Secondly, the psychological investigation and analysis of pedestrian crossing violation, pedestrian overflow, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can be accepted detour distance, pedestrian crossing overflowing psychology, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can accept detour distance. The psychological limit waiting time provides a reasonable explanation for pedestrian's crossing behavior. Then, based on the foreground theory and intuitionistic fuzzy number decision method of psychological principle, the preference of pedestrian crossing mode is studied, and the model of pedestrian crossing mode preference is established, and the advice and opinion on the setting of crossing facilities are provided from the point of view of pedestrians. Finally, several representative areas (business district, school, residential area, office building) in Nanan District of Chongqing are analyzed. Based on the investigation data and the psychological principle, the authors obtained the degree of preference of the people in the four typical districts for various crossing modes, and chose the crossing mode with the highest preference as the basis for reasonably setting up the crossing facilities. The validity and practicability of the model are verified by comparing the results of the questionnaire with the results of the model. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the reasonable setting and optimization of pedestrian crossing facilities, and provide some reference advice for the construction department to plan and build the road slow traffic system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491
本文编号：2415486
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of motor vehicles, the problem of traffic congestion is becoming more and more obvious. Solving traffic problems from the perspective of motor vehicles has become the normal way of thinking, which leads to the conflict between people and cars not reduce but increase. It is imperative to improve traffic problems from the perspective of pedestrians, because pedestrians are an indispensable part of urban traffic. The study of pedestrian behavior and psychological characteristics is the basis for the construction and improvement of pedestrian crossing facilities. At the same time, it is also an important link to improve the efficiency of traffic operation. At present, most of the pedestrian traffic problems are considered from the perspective of the objective environment, often ignoring the psychological feelings of pedestrians, resulting in a low utilization rate of crossing facilities, pedestrian violations. This paper analyzes the pedestrian traffic behavior qualitatively and quantitatively from the perspective of psychology. On the premise of scientific investigation, the characteristics of pedestrian crossing traffic in Chongqing main urban area are analyzed, and the preference model of pedestrian crossing mode under different circumstances is established by introducing psychological principle, and the selection process of pedestrian crossing mode is described qualitatively. This paper quantifies the preference degree of crossing mode choice, and provides suggestions and opinions on the setting of crossing facilities from the point of view of pedestrians. Firstly, the paper analyzes the process and characteristics of pedestrian crossing behavior in Chongqing's main urban area, describes the traffic flow parameters of pedestrian crossing, and analyzes the illegal process, violation rate and illegal factors of pedestrian crossing. Secondly, the psychological investigation and analysis of pedestrian crossing violation, pedestrian overflow, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can be accepted detour distance, pedestrian crossing overflowing psychology, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can accept detour distance. The psychological limit waiting time provides a reasonable explanation for pedestrian's crossing behavior. Then, based on the foreground theory and intuitionistic fuzzy number decision method of psychological principle, the preference of pedestrian crossing mode is studied, and the model of pedestrian crossing mode preference is established, and the advice and opinion on the setting of crossing facilities are provided from the point of view of pedestrians. Finally, several representative areas (business district, school, residential area, office building) in Nanan District of Chongqing are analyzed. Based on the investigation data and the psychological principle, the authors obtained the degree of preference of the people in the four typical districts for various crossing modes, and chose the crossing mode with the highest preference as the basis for reasonably setting up the crossing facilities. The validity and practicability of the model are verified by comparing the results of the questionnaire with the results of the model. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the reasonable setting and optimization of pedestrian crossing facilities, and provide some reference advice for the construction department to plan and build the road slow traffic system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491
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