BZ系列减隔震橡胶支座对桥梁抗震性能影响的研究

发布时间：2019-02-15 06:48

【摘要】：随着全球地震灾害的不断频发,桥梁结构减隔震愈来受到人们重视。目前桥梁抗震中使用最广泛的一种方法为"减隔震支座",在结构上部与桥墩之间设置支座,以此来延长结构周期、消耗地震能量,从而减小桥梁的地震响应。本文针对中小型跨径简支T梁桥,设计一种构造简单、隔震性能显著、造价低廉、更换方便的新型橡胶支座——BZ系列减隔震橡胶支座。BZ支座主要是在普通板式橡胶支座的基础上,通过改变支座内钢板层厚度、上钢板与下钢板厚度、橡胶层厚度等,优化支座的受力性能,以此来提高支座的抗震性能,最后采用反应谱分析法对结构进行抗震计算,得出将BZ支座应用在中小跨径简支梁桥中的隔震效果。主要研究内容如下:(1)借鉴国内外已有研究成果,综述桥梁抗隔震思想的由来以及各种隔震支座的发展状况、隔震原理以及叠层橡胶支座的国内外研究现状。在普通板式橡胶支座的基础上,通过改变相关参数,得到一种新型支座——BZ系列减隔震橡胶支座,对该支座的设计原则、工作原理、各力学参数进行详细介绍,最后在叠层橡胶支座理论公式的基础上研究分析该支座的主要力学性能。(2)以某普通板式橡胶支座试验为例,对该支座进行数值模拟分析,对比分析试验结果与数值模拟结果,得出数值模拟方法的正确性。基于ANSYS 10.0有限元分析软件,分别建立BZ支座实体模型与板式橡胶支座实体模型,研究两种支座在纯轴压和压剪状态下荷载——位移关系曲线。对两者结果对比分析得到,通过改变支座内钢板层与橡胶层厚度,BZ支座具有较大的竖向刚度及较小的水平刚度。(3)研究叠层橡胶支座参数的变化对其受力性能的影响。建立不同钢板层厚度、橡胶层厚度、截面尺寸共3组12个支座模型,通过数值模拟,对其进行极限剪切变形分析与竖向压应力分析,总结支座的水平刚度与竖向刚度变化规律,并对各结果数值进行定量分析,为叠层橡胶支座的合理设计提供参考。(4)基于国内外抗震设计规范,对某2×30m装配式简支T梁桥进行抗震计算。研究分析桥梁在使用BZ减隔震橡胶支座和普通支座情况下结构的振型与周期、剪力、轴力、弯矩、位移等变化规律,得出BZ系列减隔震橡胶支座可有效延长结构的自振周期、减小墩支底弯矩值,并增大结构上部位移,结构的安全系数相比非隔震体系有了较大的提高,在中小跨径简支梁桥中具有显著的隔震性能,为实际工程的应用提供有力指导。
[Abstract]:With the frequent occurrence of global earthquake disasters, more and more attention has been paid to the isolation of bridge structures. At present, one of the most widely used methods in the earthquake resistance of bridges is "isolation support", which is arranged between the upper part of the structure and the pier to prolong the period of the structure, consume earthquake energy and reduce the seismic response of the bridge. In this paper, a small and medium span simply supported T-beam bridge is designed, which has the advantages of simple structure, remarkable isolation performance and low cost. A new type of rubber bearing with convenient replacement, BZ series shock isolation rubber bearing. The BZ support is mainly based on the ordinary plate rubber bearing, by changing the thickness of the inner steel plate layer, the upper and lower steel plate thickness, the rubber layer thickness, etc. In order to improve the seismic performance of the bearing, the seismic performance of the bearing is optimized. Finally, the seismic calculation of the structure is carried out by using the response spectrum analysis method, and the isolation effect of the BZ bearing applied in the small and medium-sized span simple supported beam bridge is obtained. The main research contents are as follows: (1) draw lessons from the existing research results at home and abroad, summarize the origin of the bridge anti-isolation idea, the development of various isolation bearings, the isolation principle and the domestic and foreign research status of laminated rubber bearings. On the basis of ordinary plate rubber bearing, a new type of bearing, BZ series shock isolation rubber bearing, is obtained by changing the relevant parameters. The design principle, working principle and mechanical parameters of the bearing are introduced in detail. Finally, on the basis of the theoretical formula of laminated rubber bearing, the main mechanical properties of the bearing are studied and analyzed. (2) taking the test of a common plate rubber bearing as an example, the numerical simulation analysis of the bearing is carried out. The correctness of the numerical simulation method is obtained by comparing the experimental results with the numerical simulation results. Based on ANSYS 10.0 finite element analysis software, the solid model of BZ bearing and the solid model of plate rubber bearing are established, and the load-displacement relationship curves of the two kinds of bearings under pure axial compression and compression shear are studied. By comparing and analyzing the results, it is found that the BZ bearing has a large vertical stiffness and a small horizontal stiffness by changing the thickness of the steel plate and rubber layer inside the bearing. (3) the influence of the parameters of the laminated rubber bearing on its mechanical properties is studied. Three groups of 12 support models with different thickness of steel plate layer, thickness of rubber layer and section size were established. Through numerical simulation, the ultimate shear deformation analysis and vertical compression stress analysis were carried out, and the variation law of horizontal stiffness and vertical stiffness of support was summarized. The quantitative analysis of the results provides a reference for the rational design of the laminated rubber bearings. (4) based on the domestic and foreign seismic design code, the seismic calculation of a 2 脳 30m prefabricated T-beam bridge is carried out. This paper studies and analyzes the variation law of vibration type and period, shear force, axial force, bending moment and displacement of bridge structure under the condition of using BZ isolation rubber bearing and ordinary bearing. It is concluded that BZ series damping rubber bearing can effectively prolong the natural vibration period of the structure. By reducing the bending moment and increasing the displacement of the upper part of the structure, the safety factor of the structure has been greatly improved compared with the non-isolated system, and it has remarkable isolation performance in the small and medium-sized span simply supported beam bridge, which provides a powerful guidance for the practical engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U442.55;U443.361

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