城市道路拥挤收费与停车收费的联合优化模型研究
发布时间：2019-02-21 19:32
【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,城市化进程的大力推进,居民机动车保有量保持持续增长态势,使我国很快进入了机动化时代。但是,道路交通基础设施建设远跟不上交通需求的增长,激化了交通供需矛盾。尤其在城市繁华的中心区域,拥堵程度越来越严重,多数城市还没有来得及享受汽车时代带来的便利,就已经开始承受交通拥挤造成的负外部效应,这严重地影响了城市中心区功能的正常发挥和城市的可持续发展。发达国家的经验表明,拥挤收费和停车收费都是缓解城市交通压力的有效办法,它们通过价格机制影响出行选择、优化交通需求结构,使交通系统向良性方向发展。过去对两种收费方式的研究都是分开进行的。但是,由于拥挤收费实施的难度大,停车收费在解决交通问题上的次优性,使得单一收费策略缓解交通压力效果不是很理想,因此,国内外一些大城市开始考虑同时实施这两种交通需求管理措施。将两种收费方式结合起来研究,将有助于解决停车收费系统及交通基础设施的建设维护的资金筹集问题,同时也有助于获得更多的公众支持,为解决城市交通拥挤问题找到新方法。本文对城郊-市区的私家车出行者征收区域拥挤费用和停车费用的情形展开讨论。生活在城市郊区的出行者在去往城市中心区域时,有两种出行方式可以选择:全程驾驶私家车或者在固定换乘点换乘公共交通。在这样的双出行方式的混合交通网络中,通过联合收费增加出行者的出行成本,进而分析对出行者的方式选择、路径选择等产生的影响,并建立联合收费的双层优化模型。在该模型中,上层模型以消费者盈余最大为目标,下层建立了满足混合交通网络随机用户均衡条件的变分不等式模型。在模型的构建过程中,出行成本的计算充分考虑了我国道路交通混合交通流间的相互影响作用,交通方式划分时考虑了私家车和公用交通的单车载客量差异,使建立的模型更贴近实际。模型采用混沌模拟退火算法进行求解,并利用简单的路网进行算例分析测试。算例结果表明,联合收费策略能对私家车出行者产生较大的抑制作用,促使更多出行者选择停车换乘。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the development of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles in China keeps increasing continuously, which makes our country enter the motorization era very quickly. However, the construction of road traffic infrastructure can not keep up with the growth of traffic demand, which intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand. Especially in the downtown areas of the city, the degree of congestion is becoming more and more serious, most cities have not had time to enjoy the convenience brought about by the automobile age, they have already begun to bear the negative external effects caused by the traffic congestion. This seriously affects the function of urban center and the sustainable development of the city. The experience of developed countries shows that congestion charge and parking charge are both effective methods to relieve urban traffic pressure. They influence travel choice through price mechanism, optimize the structure of traffic demand, and make the traffic system develop in a benign direction. In the past, studies of the two methods of charging were carried out separately. However, due to the difficulty of implementing congestion charges, parking charges in solving traffic problems in the sub-optimal, making a single toll strategy to alleviate traffic pressure effect is not very good, therefore, Some big cities at home and abroad began to consider the implementation of these two traffic demand management measures. A combination of the two methods of charging will help to raise funds for the construction and maintenance of parking toll systems and transport infrastructure, and will also help to gain more public support. To find a new way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. This paper discusses the situation of private car travelers in suburban-urban areas who charge regional congestion and parking fees. Travelers living on the outskirts of the city have two options: to drive a private car all the way to the center of the city or to transfer to public transport at a fixed transfer point. In such a dual-trip hybrid transportation network, the travel costs of travelers are increased through joint charges, and then the influence on the mode selection and path selection of travelers is analyzed, and a bilevel optimization model of combined charges is established. In this model, the upper level model takes the maximum consumer surplus as the goal, and the lower layer establishes the variational inequality model which satisfies the stochastic user equilibrium condition of the hybrid traffic network. In the process of constructing the model, the calculation of travel cost takes into account the interaction between the mixed traffic flow of road traffic in our country, and the difference of bicycle capacity between private cars and public traffic is taken into account in the division of traffic modes. The established model is more realistic. Chaotic simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the model, and a simple road network is used to analyze and test the model. The results show that the combined charging strategy can inhibit private car passengers greatly, and promote more passengers to choose to park and transfer.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491
本文编号：2427824
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the development of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles in China keeps increasing continuously, which makes our country enter the motorization era very quickly. However, the construction of road traffic infrastructure can not keep up with the growth of traffic demand, which intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand. Especially in the downtown areas of the city, the degree of congestion is becoming more and more serious, most cities have not had time to enjoy the convenience brought about by the automobile age, they have already begun to bear the negative external effects caused by the traffic congestion. This seriously affects the function of urban center and the sustainable development of the city. The experience of developed countries shows that congestion charge and parking charge are both effective methods to relieve urban traffic pressure. They influence travel choice through price mechanism, optimize the structure of traffic demand, and make the traffic system develop in a benign direction. In the past, studies of the two methods of charging were carried out separately. However, due to the difficulty of implementing congestion charges, parking charges in solving traffic problems in the sub-optimal, making a single toll strategy to alleviate traffic pressure effect is not very good, therefore, Some big cities at home and abroad began to consider the implementation of these two traffic demand management measures. A combination of the two methods of charging will help to raise funds for the construction and maintenance of parking toll systems and transport infrastructure, and will also help to gain more public support. To find a new way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. This paper discusses the situation of private car travelers in suburban-urban areas who charge regional congestion and parking fees. Travelers living on the outskirts of the city have two options: to drive a private car all the way to the center of the city or to transfer to public transport at a fixed transfer point. In such a dual-trip hybrid transportation network, the travel costs of travelers are increased through joint charges, and then the influence on the mode selection and path selection of travelers is analyzed, and a bilevel optimization model of combined charges is established. In this model, the upper level model takes the maximum consumer surplus as the goal, and the lower layer establishes the variational inequality model which satisfies the stochastic user equilibrium condition of the hybrid traffic network. In the process of constructing the model, the calculation of travel cost takes into account the interaction between the mixed traffic flow of road traffic in our country, and the difference of bicycle capacity between private cars and public traffic is taken into account in the division of traffic modes. The established model is more realistic. Chaotic simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the model, and a simple road network is used to analyze and test the model. The results show that the combined charging strategy can inhibit private car passengers greatly, and promote more passengers to choose to park and transfer.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 张华歆;周溪召;;基于社会与空间公平多用户网络拥挤收费定位[J];系统工程学报;2009年02期
2 姚红云;张小宁;孙立军;;弹性需求下多类型用户拥挤收费模型[J];中国公路学报;2008年06期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 李恒鑫;停车换乘系统布局优化与综合收费策略研究[D];中南大学;2008年
，本文编号：2427824
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/daoluqiaoliang/2427824.html
