一种基于电力线载波通信的电动车充电桩充电管理系统设计

发布时间：2019-03-16 10:32

【摘要】：电动车充电桩在2016年达到了炙手可热的地步,然而也存在电动车与交流充电桩不匹配的问题。根本原因在于交流充电桩的控制引导和连接确认功能,只保证了充电桩与电动车的物理连接,但是如何充电,充电参数的配置都是空白。为了解决此问题,本课题借鉴直流充电桩的功能,为交流充电桩引入通信控制功能,这样一来充电桩得以获取电动车电池充电信息,为下一步的配置充电参数提供先决条件。又由于交流充电桩充电电缆以及接口功能都已明确规定,无法增加额外的通信线路,课题引入了电力线载波通信技术作为通信方式,本文就载波通信技术与充电桩充电控制进行了相关研究。首先,分析新能源汽车行业背景,阐述研究充电桩的原因及目的,提出课题方案。结合实际,对当前电动车的充电方式进行探讨,介绍国内外充电设备发展情况。详细说明充电桩和电池管理系统各自内部结构以及功能。由于通信方式用到了电力线载波通信技术,介绍该技术发展状况,技术理论和通信核心问题。其次,根据课题需求介绍并选取了构建电力线载波通信框架的载波芯片和微控制器。按照芯片手册中载波器应用方案,分析载波收发器电路的各个功能模块,包括电源、调制解调、耦合接入、控制部分,使用Altium Designer绘制并制作出电力线载波收发器。制定交流充电桩在通信过程中适用的数据包格式,分析通信过程中的数据流向,用ST Visual Develp设计编写了各个功能模块的C语言软件程序。测试电力线载波收发器实际参数,明确其实际性能。最后,按照新国标提出的充电流程,结合载波通信协议数据格式,制定出交流充电桩控制指令,实现充电各个阶段的充电流程。课题利用计算机模拟充电桩和电动车电池管理系统,分别在两台计算机上基于Visual Studio C#编写上位机界面程序。在充电管理模拟演示环节,加入了基于“峰谷平电价”的优化充电功能。在载波板与计算机配合下,演示的整个充电管控过程,由于实测通信码率大于2.3Kbps,达到了课题中提出的充电桩对电动车的充电管理控制目的。
[Abstract]:Electric vehicle charging piles reached a hot spot in 2016, but there is also a mismatch between electric vehicles and AC charging piles. The basic reason lies in the control guidance and connection confirmation function of AC charging pile, which only guarantees the physical connection between the charging pile and electric vehicle, but how to charge and how to configure the charging parameters are blank. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the function of DC charging pile for reference, introduces the communication control function for AC charging pile, so that the charging pile can obtain the charging information of electric vehicle battery, and provide the precondition for the next configuration of charging parameters. Moreover, because the charging cable and interface function of AC charging pile have been clearly defined, it is impossible to add additional communication lines, so the power line carrier communication technology is introduced as the communication mode. In this paper, carrier communication technology and charging control of charging pile are studied. Firstly, the background of new energy automobile industry is analyzed, the reason and purpose of research on charging pile are expounded, and the project scheme is put forward. This paper discusses the charging mode of electric vehicle and introduces the development of charging equipment at home and abroad. The internal structure and function of charging pile and battery management system are described in detail. Because the power line carrier communication technology is used in the communication mode, the development situation, the technical theory and the communication core problems of the technology are introduced in this paper. Secondly, the carrier chip and microcontroller to construct the power line carrier communication framework are introduced and selected according to the requirements of the project. According to the application scheme of the carrier in the chip manual, this paper analyzes the function modules of the carrier transceiver circuit, including power supply, modulation and demodulation, coupling access, control part, drawing and making power line carrier transceiver using Altium Designer. The data packet format applied in the communication process of AC charging pile is formulated, the data flow direction in the communication process is analyzed, and the C language software program of each functional module is designed with ST Visual Develp. The actual parameters of power line carrier transceiver are tested to determine its actual performance. Finally, according to the charging flow put forward by the new national standard, combined with the data format of carrier communication protocol, the control instruction of AC charging pile is worked out, and the charging flow of each stage of charging is realized. This paper uses computer to simulate charging pile and battery management system of electric vehicle, and compiles the interface program of upper computer based on Visual Studio C # on two computers respectively. In charge management simulation demonstration, the optimized charging function based on peak-valley price is added. Under the cooperation of carrier board and computer, the whole charge control process is demonstrated. Because the measured communication rate is more than 2.3 Kbps, the purpose of charging management control of electric vehicle by charging pile proposed in this paper is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.8;TN913.6

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