基于嵌入式的隧道掘进炮眼定位系统研究

发布时间：2019-03-20 09:06

【摘要】：炮眼定位是隧道掘进中光面爆破的一项重要工序,需要按照事先设计的炮眼布置图,将各个炮眼的位置在掘进面上正确指定出来,以方便打眼工的作业。目前大多数隧道掘进中炮眼定位环节采用人工作业,以人工测量的方式标注几个关键眼位,根据工人经验来标定其他眼位,这种人工作业方式存在工作量增大、速率低、精度不高等问题。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于嵌入式的炮眼定位系统方案,以S3C2440处理器为中央单元,通过GPIO接口电路驱动旋转机构的步进电机,带动激光指示器沿水平和垂直方向运行,从而在采掘面上指定出各个炮眼的位置。首先,本文基于嵌入式Linux系统平台,根据隧道掘进中炮眼定位的功能要求,提出一种炮眼定位系统总体方案,包括系统硬件结构和软件架构。然后,设计和搭建炮眼定位系统硬件;参考隧道掘进工作面的炮眼布置特征,设计并制作模拟掘进面;根据系统硬件结构设计主控器外围电路以及系统机械架构。其次,针对隧道掘进的炮眼定位特点,提出一种基于Qt图形视图框架的炮眼定位软件设计方法。该方法采用Qt视图项将现实工作面及炮眼融入到设计中,从而建立其虚拟模型,根据所建立的虚拟模型设计出炮眼定位系统软件,并在GUI中显示出来,通过操作炮眼模型项控制系统指定实际对应的炮眼位置。最后,研究并设计步进电机协调控制算法,采用SQLite数据库建立炮眼模型项与实际炮眼之间的映射关系,实现炮眼的自动布置,并且实时显示每个炮眼的当前标注状态,建立智能化的交互机制。经过对炮眼定位系统的设计、开发和功能模块的测试,以及对系统在实验平台上运行效果的反复验证。实验结果表明,该系统的实现可有效的减小炮眼定位环节的工作需求量、缩短掘进周期、提高定位精度,为隧道掘进工程提供极大的便利。
[Abstract]:Hole location is an important process of smooth blasting in tunnel excavation. According to the pre-designed hole layout drawing, the positions of each hole should be correctly assigned on the driving surface, so as to facilitate the eye-shooting operation. At present, manual work is used to locate the holes in most tunnel tunneling. Several key eye positions are marked by manual measurement, and other eye positions are calibrated according to the experience of workers. The manual operation has the advantages of increasing workload and low speed. The problem of low precision. In order to solve the above problems, this paper presents a scheme of hole positioning system based on embedded system. The S3C2440 processor is used as the central unit and the step motor of the rotating mechanism is driven by the GPIO interface circuit, which drives the laser indicator to run in horizontal and vertical directions. Thus, the location of the holes is assigned on the surface of the excavation. Firstly, based on the embedded Linux system platform and according to the functional requirements of hole positioning in tunnel tunneling, this paper presents an overall scheme of hole positioning system, including the hardware structure and software architecture of the system. Then, the hardware of hole positioning system is designed and built; according to the characteristics of hole layout in tunnel driving face, the simulated driving surface is designed and made; according to the hardware structure of the system, the peripheral circuit of the main controller and the mechanical structure of the system are designed. Secondly, according to the characteristics of hole location in tunnel tunneling, a software design method of hole location based on Qt graphic view frame is proposed. In this method, the Qt view item is used to integrate the actual working face and hole into the design, and then the virtual model is established. According to the virtual model, the software of hole positioning system is designed and displayed in GUI. The actual corresponding hole position is specified by operating the hole model item control system. Finally, the step motor coordinated control algorithm is studied and designed. The mapping relationship between the hole model item and the actual hole is established by using SQLite database, and the automatic layout of the hole is realized, and the current marking status of each hole is displayed in real time. Establish intelligent interaction mechanism. Through the design, development and functional module test of the hole positioning system, and the repeated verification of the system running effect on the experimental platform. The experimental results show that the realization of the system can effectively reduce the working demand of the hole positioning link, shorten the driving cycle, and improve the positioning accuracy, thus providing great convenience for tunnel tunneling engineering.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U455.32

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