基于服务水平的快速公交与常规公交协调调度优化研究

发布时间：2019-05-11 19:07

【摘要】：随着城市规模的不断扩大,交通压力的不断增大,公共交通方式不断增多,越来越多的出行者将不可避免通过不同交通方式之间的换乘完成一次出行,因此有效的协调是提高公交运行效率和乘客出行效率的关键。快速公交和常规公交作为城市公共交通中最主要的两种形式,对其进行协调调度优化研究是非常必要和有意义的。本文是在既有公交线网的基础上,通过调整不同公交线路的发车间隔使得常规公交能够配合快速公交的运行,提高两种交通方式之间的换乘效率和公交系统的服务水平,促进公交系统的可持续发展。首先,对国内外的研究现状进行了概述,根据国内外研究的不足,得出对快速公交和常规公交进行协调调度优化研究的必要性和重要性。其次,分析了行驶在快速公交专用道和混合公交专用道上的快速公交与常规公交协调运行的内涵和原理以及服务水平对公交运行和乘客出行的影响。对公交服务水平的指标进行详细分析,选取若干具有代表性的指标作为本文的服务水平评价指标,并对评价指标进行建模处理。再次,根据快速公交与常规公交协调运营调度的内涵、原理以及随机机会约束规划的思想,在考虑服务水平、发车时间限制等约束条件的情况下,以快速公交的发车间隔为决策变量,建立以快速公交系统总成本最优为目标函数的快速公交调度优化模型。在此基础上,考虑两种交通方式之间的换乘关系,以常规公交各线路的发车间隔为决策变量建立了以公交系统总成本和乘客出行成本最优为目标函数的协调调度优化模型。通过优化快速公交和常规公交各线路的发车间隔来实现快速公交和常规公交与的协调调度。然后,根据建立模型的特点提出了用粒子群算法与随机模拟相结合的混合智能算法进行求解,针对两个模型分别给出了具体的算法实现步骤,并以matlab为平台编写程序,实现对两个模型的求解。最后,选取兰州市安宁区以快速公交线路和与其有衔接的15路、72路、118路等组成的公交线网作为分析对象。利用混合智能算法对快速公交单线调度模型及与常规公交协调调度模型进行求解,通过对比分析优化前后的公交系统总成本和服务水平等级等相关指标,验证快速公交与常规公交协调调度模型的可行性及求解算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of the scale of the city, the increasing traffic pressure and the increasing mode of public transport, more and more travelers will inevitably complete a trip through the transfer between different modes of transportation. Therefore, effective coordination is the key to improve the efficiency of bus operation and passenger travel. Bus rapid transit (BRT) and conventional public transport (BRT) are the two most important forms of urban public transport. It is very necessary and meaningful to study the coordination and scheduling optimization of BRT and BRT. On the basis of the existing bus network, this paper adjusts the departure interval of different bus lines so that the conventional public transport can cooperate with the operation of bus rapid transit, and improve the transfer efficiency between the two modes of transportation and the service level of the public transport system. To promote the sustainable development of public transport system. Firstly, the research status at home and abroad is summarized. According to the deficiency of domestic and foreign research, the necessity and importance of coordinated scheduling optimization research on bus rapid transit (BRT) and conventional public transit (BRT) are obtained. Secondly, the connotation and principle of coordinated operation of bus rapid transit and conventional bus on bus rapid transit lane and mixed bus lane are analyzed, and the influence of service level on bus operation and passenger travel is analyzed. The index of public transportation service level is analyzed in detail, and some representative indexes are selected as the evaluation index of service level in this paper, and the evaluation index is modeled and processed. Thirdly, according to the connotation and principle of coordinated operation and scheduling between bus rapid transit and conventional public transport, and the idea of stochastic opportunity constrained programming, considering the constraint conditions such as service level, departure time limit, and so on, Taking the departure interval of bus rapid transit as the decision variable, a bus rapid transit scheduling optimization model with the optimal total cost of the bus rapid transit system as the objective function is established. On this basis, considering the transfer relationship between the two modes of transportation, a coordinated scheduling optimization model with the optimal total cost of the bus system and the optimal passenger travel cost as the objective function is established by taking the departure interval of the conventional public transport lines as the decision variable. The coordinated scheduling of bus rapid transit and conventional bus is realized by optimizing the departure interval between bus rapid transit (BRT) and conventional public transport (BRT). Then, according to the characteristics of the model, a hybrid intelligent algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (Particle Swarm Optimization) and stochastic simulation is proposed to solve the problem. The specific algorithm implementation steps are given for the two models, and the program is written on the platform of matlab. The solution of the two models is realized. Finally, the bus rapid transit line and the bus network composed of 15 routes, 72 roads and 118 roads in Anning District of Lanzhou City are selected as the analysis object. The hybrid intelligent algorithm is used to solve the single line scheduling model of bus rapid transit and the coordinated scheduling model with the conventional public transport. The total cost and service level of the bus system before and after optimization are compared and analyzed. The feasibility of the coordinated scheduling model between bus rapid transit (BRT) and conventional public transport (BRT) is verified and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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