综合超前地质预报在蒙华铁路隧道中的应用研究
发布时间：2019-05-23 15:56
【摘要】：随着隧道施工量的增加,施工过程中遇到复杂性地质情况,甚至灾害性地质状况的可能性越来越大,隧道施工的安全性受到了考验。作为隧道施工的一个重要部分,隧道超前地质预报的作用愈发重要,成为隧道工程不可或缺的一部分。本文以蒙华铁路9标中的小南塬隧道和君子隧道为依托,对TGP技术、地质雷达技术和红外探水技术等方法进行系统的介绍,并在超前地质预报原理与应用技术深入探讨的同时,也在小南塬隧道和君子隧道不同的地质段,采取了相应地超前地质预报。本文探讨研究的主要内容和结论:(1)分别介绍红外探水技术、地质雷达技术和TGP技术等方法的基本原理和技术参数,对这几种方法的适用性、预报特点进行探讨,又从电磁波原理出发分析地质雷达的波形特征,从弹性波原理出发分析TGP的技术特点。(2)针对TGP技术操作的复杂性,本文介绍现场TGP仪器安装和数据采集的工作要点,为现场TGP正确使用,提供说明和标准。并且给TGP现场布置提供理论依据,使今后TGP现场的布置调整和方案修改有据可查。(3)在小南塬隧道和君子隧道的现场地质预报中,采用多种方法相结合、根据不同地质情况制定相应方案、相邻里程段的检测结果对比分析、用基础理论解译检测结果、现场及时验证等手段,总结了大量经验教训。(4)得出不同构造体在地质雷达上反映的波形振幅强度的规律:土石交界(干燥)砂岩中碎裂带或空洞(无水)砂岩裂隙或土石交界(含水)这一规律,对于我们利用地质雷达预判异常构造有着重要的作用。(5)TGP的纵波速度与杨氏模量的平方根成正比,与密度的平方根成反比,一般的变化较小,所以Vp主要由E来决定。因此,纵波速度Vp可用来评价岩体的弹性强度,纵波速度上升表示岩体强度变强;纵波速度下降表示岩体强度变弱。(6)TGP技术中,横波只在固体中传播,当出现含水构造和空洞或碎裂带时,反射系数为零,此后不会产生反射;在此界面处,横波反射的幅度会明显增强。TGP这个特点,可以用作含水构造和空洞或碎裂带等定性判断。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the construction quantity of the tunnel, the complex geological condition is encountered in the construction process, and even the possibility of the disastrous geological condition is becoming larger and larger, and the safety of the tunnel construction is tested. As an important part of the tunnel construction, the role of the tunnel advance geological prediction is becoming more and more important, and becomes an integral part of the tunnel engineering. In this paper, the paper introduces the TGP technology, the geological radar technology and the infrared water-exploring technology based on the small-south tunnel and the gentleman's tunnel in the 9-standard of the Monhua Railway, and probes into the advance geological prediction principle and the application technology, The corresponding advanced geological prediction is also taken in the different geological sections of the Xiaonan tunnel and the Scholar's tunnel. The main contents and conclusions of the research are discussed in this paper. (1) The basic principles and technical parameters of the methods such as the infrared water detection technology, the geological radar technology and the TGP technology are introduced, and the applicability and the prediction characteristics of the methods are discussed. Based on the principle of the electromagnetic wave, the waveform characteristics of the geological radar are analyzed, and the technical characteristics of the TGP are analyzed from the principle of the elastic wave. (2) In view of the complexity of TGP technology operation, this paper introduces the main points of the installation and data collection of TGP instruments in the field, and provides the instructions and standards for the correct use of TGP in the field. And provides a theoretical basis for the field arrangement of the TGP, so that the layout adjustment and the scheme modification of the TGP field in the future are well documented. and (3) in the field geological prediction of the small-south tunnel and the Scholar's tunnel, a plurality of methods are combined, the corresponding scheme is developed according to different geological conditions, the detection results of the adjacent mileage sections are compared and analyzed, the detection result is interpreted by the basic theory, and the on-site verification and the like are carried out in time; A large number of lessons have been learned. (4) The law of the wave amplitude intensity reflected by different structures on the geological radar is obtained: the rule of the fracture zone of the rock-rock boundary (dry) sandstone or the fracture of the hollow (water-free) sandstone or the boundary of the earth and rock (water-bearing), It is important for us to prejudge the abnormal structure by using the geological radar. (5) The P-wave velocity of the TGP is proportional to the square root of the Young's modulus, inversely proportional to the square root of the density, and the general variation is small, so Vp is mainly determined by E. Therefore, the longitudinal wave velocity Vp can be used to evaluate the elastic strength of the rock mass, the elevation of the longitudinal wave velocity indicates that the strength of the rock mass becomes strong, and the longitudinal wave velocity is decreased to indicate the strength of the rock mass is weakened. (6) In the TGP technique, the transverse wave propagates only in the solid, and the reflection coefficient is zero when an aqueous structure and a cavity or a fracture zone are present, and then no reflection is generated; at this interface, the amplitude of the transverse wave reflection is obviously increased. TGP is a feature that can be used as a qualitative judgment such as an aqueous structure and a cavity or a fracture zone.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U452.11
本文编号：2484028
[Abstract]:With the increase of the construction quantity of the tunnel, the complex geological condition is encountered in the construction process, and even the possibility of the disastrous geological condition is becoming larger and larger, and the safety of the tunnel construction is tested. As an important part of the tunnel construction, the role of the tunnel advance geological prediction is becoming more and more important, and becomes an integral part of the tunnel engineering. In this paper, the paper introduces the TGP technology, the geological radar technology and the infrared water-exploring technology based on the small-south tunnel and the gentleman's tunnel in the 9-standard of the Monhua Railway, and probes into the advance geological prediction principle and the application technology, The corresponding advanced geological prediction is also taken in the different geological sections of the Xiaonan tunnel and the Scholar's tunnel. The main contents and conclusions of the research are discussed in this paper. (1) The basic principles and technical parameters of the methods such as the infrared water detection technology, the geological radar technology and the TGP technology are introduced, and the applicability and the prediction characteristics of the methods are discussed. Based on the principle of the electromagnetic wave, the waveform characteristics of the geological radar are analyzed, and the technical characteristics of the TGP are analyzed from the principle of the elastic wave. (2) In view of the complexity of TGP technology operation, this paper introduces the main points of the installation and data collection of TGP instruments in the field, and provides the instructions and standards for the correct use of TGP in the field. And provides a theoretical basis for the field arrangement of the TGP, so that the layout adjustment and the scheme modification of the TGP field in the future are well documented. and (3) in the field geological prediction of the small-south tunnel and the Scholar's tunnel, a plurality of methods are combined, the corresponding scheme is developed according to different geological conditions, the detection results of the adjacent mileage sections are compared and analyzed, the detection result is interpreted by the basic theory, and the on-site verification and the like are carried out in time; A large number of lessons have been learned. (4) The law of the wave amplitude intensity reflected by different structures on the geological radar is obtained: the rule of the fracture zone of the rock-rock boundary (dry) sandstone or the fracture of the hollow (water-free) sandstone or the boundary of the earth and rock (water-bearing), It is important for us to prejudge the abnormal structure by using the geological radar. (5) The P-wave velocity of the TGP is proportional to the square root of the Young's modulus, inversely proportional to the square root of the density, and the general variation is small, so Vp is mainly determined by E. Therefore, the longitudinal wave velocity Vp can be used to evaluate the elastic strength of the rock mass, the elevation of the longitudinal wave velocity indicates that the strength of the rock mass becomes strong, and the longitudinal wave velocity is decreased to indicate the strength of the rock mass is weakened. (6) In the TGP technique, the transverse wave propagates only in the solid, and the reflection coefficient is zero when an aqueous structure and a cavity or a fracture zone are present, and then no reflection is generated; at this interface, the amplitude of the transverse wave reflection is obviously increased. TGP is a feature that can be used as a qualitative judgment such as an aqueous structure and a cavity or a fracture zone.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U452.11
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