岸边集装箱起重机地震动态行为与抗震设计分析方法研究
发布时间：2019-06-01 20:56
【摘要】：随着国际航运业的蓬勃发展,承担集装箱船装卸作业的岸边集装箱桥式起重机(简称岸桥)不断朝着大型化发展。由于现代化岸桥结构重心高、侧向刚度分布不均以及轮轨约束的特殊固定形式,当遭遇强震时整机结构会产生大幅度晃动,造成车轮脱轨以及门腿、横梁、前后大梁等结构件塑性变形甚至破坏,严重时可导致整机坍塌报废。由于地震动的随机性、岸桥结构型式的复杂性及轮轨约束的特殊性等困难,目前对于岸桥在地震中的动态响应行为及相应抗震设计方法上还没有系统可靠的研究结论,有些问题还未触及。基于大型岸桥在地震动态行为特性及抗震设计分析方法中存在的问题及盲点,本文以全面分析掌握岸桥地震动态响应特征并研究其抗震设计计算与分析方法为目标,采用理论分析、数值模拟及试验验证相结合的研究方法,主要完成了以下研究工作和成果:1)建立了基于塑性铰理论的岸桥结构有限元弹塑性模型,利用非线性动力时程分析方法研究了岸桥不同状态型式及系列地震波激励下,结构从弹性响应到塑性屈服直至强度破坏下的地震响应特征与规律。获得了岸桥结构应力水平、各向动力系数分布、结构最大变形及轮压稳定性等抗震设计关键参量,分析发现了岸桥结构抗震薄弱环节及两类破坏倒塌模式,提出了岸桥强震中摇摆跳轨及扭转跳轨两类跳轨行为模式;同时也统计评估了材料非线性和几何非线性对岸桥地震响应特性的影响。2)在起重机车轮与轨道发生跳轨的临界条件动力学分析基础上,发展了适用于有限元法的轮轨接触摩擦支座模型,由此对强震中岸桥两类跳轨行为的发生机理、响应规律以及对结构安全的影响等方面开展了数值模拟研究;并进一步建立了摇摆跳轨的数学模型,提供了跳轨运动响应分析的简化方法。研究结果表明,摇摆跳轨会带来门腿、联系横梁部位结构应力的大幅度提高,趋向于对结构造成破坏,而扭转跳轨的发生降低了结构应力水平,起到一定地震保护作用。3)完成了考虑桩土作用的典型高桩码头与岸桥联合有限元模型以及岸桥-码头耦合振动两自由度简化数学模型的构建,利用对联合模型及组成个体的固有振动特性及地震响应的对比分析策略,得到了岸桥与码头动力耦合特征影响因素以及地震中岸桥结构动力响应行为的变化规律。研究发现,岸桥耦合振动中响应特征主要受到其与码头的自振周期比、质量比、地震动激励周期以及是否发生跳轨的影响。典型工况分析结果显示,耦合振动使得岸桥结构动力系数相比刚性基础时增大约12%-13%。4)利用1:20岸桥结构相似模型多工况下的地震模拟振动台试验,验证了理论与仿真分析主要结论的正确性,同时进一步试验分析了强震中岸桥跳轨的影响因素及响应规律。仿真与试验结果的对比证明,本文发展的相关建模技术及分析方法能够较全面和可靠地反映岸桥地震响应特性。5)根据地震反应分析的振型分解反应谱法基本原理,研究了岸桥结构设计反应谱构建中关键参数的确定方法,结合岸桥结构型式及工作特点,提出了岸桥结构抗震设计验算反应谱法的实施办法,进而完成了岸桥双水准抗震设防烈度下的反应谱分析。对分析结果的验证表明,将该反应谱法应用于岸桥结构抗震验算具有较高的可行性和可靠性。最后,总括全文,提出了基于岸桥地震动态行为的抗震设计分析流程及方法。论文的研究结论对于较全面和深入理解岸桥地震动态行为特征以改进其抗震性能有一定的指导作用,相关抗震设计分析方法为起重机抗震设计规范的修订以及其它类型起重机地震动态响应研究提供参考和支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of the international shipping industry, the bank-side container bridge crane (referred to as the shore bridge), which is responsible for the handling of container ships, is moving towards the large scale. due to the high center of gravity of the modern shore bridge structure, the uneven distribution of the lateral rigidity and the special fixed form of the wheel-rail constraint, the structure of the whole machine can greatly shake when the strong earthquake is encountered, so that the derailment of the wheel and the plastic deformation or even damage of the structural members such as the door leg, the cross beam, the front and the rear girder and the like are caused, It can cause the whole machine to collapse and discard when it is serious. Due to the randomness of ground motion, the complexity of the structure type of the shore bridge and the particularity of the wheel-rail constraint, there is no systematic and reliable research conclusion on the dynamic response behavior of the shore bridge in the earthquake and the corresponding anti-seismic design method, and some problems have not yet been touched. Based on the problems and blind spots of the large-scale shore bridge in the seismic dynamic behavior and the seismic design analysis method, this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the seismic dynamic response of the shore bridge and studies the seismic design calculation and analysis method as the target, adopts the theoretical analysis, In this paper, the finite element elastic-plastic model of the shore bridge structure based on the plastic hinge theory is established. The seismic response characteristics and laws of the structure from the elastic response to the plastic yield up to the strength failure are studied using the nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis method. The stress level of the shore bridge, the distribution of each power factor, the maximum deformation of the structure and the stability of the wheel pressure are obtained, and the anti-seismic weak link of the shore bridge structure and the two types of failure collapse modes are analyzed, In this paper, two types of track-jumping behavior patterns of the swing-and-jump-track in the strong-motion of the shore-bridge are put forward, and the influence of the nonlinear and geometric non-linear seismic response of the bridge is also evaluated. The wheel-rail contact friction bearing model suitable for finite element method has been developed, and a numerical simulation study on the occurrence mechanism, response law and the effect on the structure safety of the two types of jump-rail behavior in the strong-motion middle-shore bridge is developed, and the mathematical model of the swing-jump rail is further established. The invention provides a simplified method for the response analysis of a jump rail. The results show that the swing-jump rail can bring the door leg, and the stress of the structure of the cross beam is greatly improved, which tends to cause damage to the structure, and the occurrence of the torsion-jump rail reduces the structural stress level. in that invention, the combined finite element model of the typical high-pile wharf and the shore bridge and the two-degree-of-freedom of the couple vibration of the shore bridge and the wharf are completed and the construction of the mathematical model is simplified, The influence factors of the power coupling characteristics of the shore bridge and the wharf and the dynamic response behavior of the shore bridge structure in the earthquake are obtained by using the contrast analysis strategy of the combined model and the inherent vibration characteristics and the seismic response of the individual. It is found that the response characteristics of the coupled vibration of the shore bridge are mainly influenced by the natural period ratio, the mass ratio, the ground vibration excitation period and the occurrence of the jump rail of the dock. The typical working condition analysis results show that the coupling vibration increases the dynamic coefficient of the shore bridge by about 12% to 13% when compared with the rigid base.4) The results of the seismic simulation vibration table under the similar model of the 1:20 shore bridge structure are used to verify the correctness of the main conclusions of the theory and the simulation analysis. At the same time, the influence factors and the response law of the landing bridge in the strong earthquake are analyzed. The comparison of simulation and test results shows that the relevant modeling techniques and analytical methods developed in this paper can reflect the seismic response characteristics of the shore bridge in a comprehensive and reliable manner. In this paper, the method of determining the key parameters in the construction of the structural design response spectrum of the shore bridge is studied. In the light of the structure type and working characteristics of the shore bridge, the method for calculating the seismic design of the shore bridge structure is proposed, and the response spectrum analysis of the two-level seismic fortification intensity of the shore bridge is completed. The verification of the results of the analysis shows that the application of the response spectrum method to the seismic calculation of the shore bridge structure has high feasibility and reliability. Finally, the paper puts forward the analysis process and method of the seismic design based on the dynamic behavior of the shore bridge. The research conclusion of the paper has a certain guiding role to the comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the dynamic behavior of the shore bridge to improve its anti-seismic performance. The related seismic design analysis method provides reference and support for the revision of the anti-seismic design code of the crane and the study of other types of crane earthquake dynamic response.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U653.921
本文编号：2490578
[Abstract]:With the development of the international shipping industry, the bank-side container bridge crane (referred to as the shore bridge), which is responsible for the handling of container ships, is moving towards the large scale. due to the high center of gravity of the modern shore bridge structure, the uneven distribution of the lateral rigidity and the special fixed form of the wheel-rail constraint, the structure of the whole machine can greatly shake when the strong earthquake is encountered, so that the derailment of the wheel and the plastic deformation or even damage of the structural members such as the door leg, the cross beam, the front and the rear girder and the like are caused, It can cause the whole machine to collapse and discard when it is serious. Due to the randomness of ground motion, the complexity of the structure type of the shore bridge and the particularity of the wheel-rail constraint, there is no systematic and reliable research conclusion on the dynamic response behavior of the shore bridge in the earthquake and the corresponding anti-seismic design method, and some problems have not yet been touched. Based on the problems and blind spots of the large-scale shore bridge in the seismic dynamic behavior and the seismic design analysis method, this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the seismic dynamic response of the shore bridge and studies the seismic design calculation and analysis method as the target, adopts the theoretical analysis, In this paper, the finite element elastic-plastic model of the shore bridge structure based on the plastic hinge theory is established. The seismic response characteristics and laws of the structure from the elastic response to the plastic yield up to the strength failure are studied using the nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis method. The stress level of the shore bridge, the distribution of each power factor, the maximum deformation of the structure and the stability of the wheel pressure are obtained, and the anti-seismic weak link of the shore bridge structure and the two types of failure collapse modes are analyzed, In this paper, two types of track-jumping behavior patterns of the swing-and-jump-track in the strong-motion of the shore-bridge are put forward, and the influence of the nonlinear and geometric non-linear seismic response of the bridge is also evaluated. The wheel-rail contact friction bearing model suitable for finite element method has been developed, and a numerical simulation study on the occurrence mechanism, response law and the effect on the structure safety of the two types of jump-rail behavior in the strong-motion middle-shore bridge is developed, and the mathematical model of the swing-jump rail is further established. The invention provides a simplified method for the response analysis of a jump rail. The results show that the swing-jump rail can bring the door leg, and the stress of the structure of the cross beam is greatly improved, which tends to cause damage to the structure, and the occurrence of the torsion-jump rail reduces the structural stress level. in that invention, the combined finite element model of the typical high-pile wharf and the shore bridge and the two-degree-of-freedom of the couple vibration of the shore bridge and the wharf are completed and the construction of the mathematical model is simplified, The influence factors of the power coupling characteristics of the shore bridge and the wharf and the dynamic response behavior of the shore bridge structure in the earthquake are obtained by using the contrast analysis strategy of the combined model and the inherent vibration characteristics and the seismic response of the individual. It is found that the response characteristics of the coupled vibration of the shore bridge are mainly influenced by the natural period ratio, the mass ratio, the ground vibration excitation period and the occurrence of the jump rail of the dock. The typical working condition analysis results show that the coupling vibration increases the dynamic coefficient of the shore bridge by about 12% to 13% when compared with the rigid base.4) The results of the seismic simulation vibration table under the similar model of the 1:20 shore bridge structure are used to verify the correctness of the main conclusions of the theory and the simulation analysis. At the same time, the influence factors and the response law of the landing bridge in the strong earthquake are analyzed. The comparison of simulation and test results shows that the relevant modeling techniques and analytical methods developed in this paper can reflect the seismic response characteristics of the shore bridge in a comprehensive and reliable manner. In this paper, the method of determining the key parameters in the construction of the structural design response spectrum of the shore bridge is studied. In the light of the structure type and working characteristics of the shore bridge, the method for calculating the seismic design of the shore bridge structure is proposed, and the response spectrum analysis of the two-level seismic fortification intensity of the shore bridge is completed. The verification of the results of the analysis shows that the application of the response spectrum method to the seismic calculation of the shore bridge structure has high feasibility and reliability. Finally, the paper puts forward the analysis process and method of the seismic design based on the dynamic behavior of the shore bridge. The research conclusion of the paper has a certain guiding role to the comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the dynamic behavior of the shore bridge to improve its anti-seismic performance. The related seismic design analysis method provides reference and support for the revision of the anti-seismic design code of the crane and the study of other types of crane earthquake dynamic response.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U653.921
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