基于AIS数据的中国沿海锚地使用现状研究

发布时间：2019-06-29 15:39

【摘要】：近几年来,随着港口货物吞吐量的不断增加以及船舶发展的大型化趋势,到港船舶的数量和吨位也在快速地增长。港口水域船舶交通流量的持续增加、港口航道的饱和度指数逐渐上升,进而造成港口锚地的饱和度也随之提升。作为进出港船舶锚泊的安全水域,锚地的使用情况对锚泊船舶的锚泊安全、锚地附近航行船舶的安全、港口运营效率、海事的安全监管等有着至关重要的作用。然而,我国沿海港口部分锚地存在着严重的锚地外抛锚现象,不仅降低了锚地的利用率,造成锚地资源的浪费,而且还严重地影响了进出锚地的船舶以及锚地附近其它正常航行船舶的航行安全。因此对中国沿海锚地的使用现状进行研究,分析各锚地使用情况以及使用过程中存在的问题,并给出相应的建议具有十分重要的意义。首先,本文对国内外有关锚地、锚地设置参数、锚地容量以及锚泊船所占用水域等相关概念进行分析研究,并对有关数据统计的理论知识进行详细说明。在此基础上,利用AIS提供的船舶静态、动态信息,对我国沿海港口大连港、锦州港、京唐港、曹妃甸港、天津港、黄骅港、青岛港、上海港、宁波舟山港、厦门港、深圳港共70多个锚地的锚泊状况进行长期地观测、统计。其次,根据观测和统计结果,在获取大量数据的前提下,结合本文的研究目的,最终挑选10个锚地外抛锚现象频繁的锚地进行研究。对这10个锚地的锚地容量、锚泊间距以及锚地的利用率情况进行了统计、分析,利用SPSS软件对各锚地锚泊间距与船长的线性关系进行了回归分析,得出相对应的回归方程,并与规范进行对比分析。最后,结合锚地实际的使用情况,分析锚地外抛锚的原因并给出合理的改进意见,从而为提高锚地利用率、保障锚地锚泊船以及锚地附近其它船舶的航行安全、锚地规划、海事部门监管等提供相应参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of port cargo throughput and the trend of large-scale ship development, the number and tonnage of incoming ships are also growing rapidly. With the continuous increase of ship traffic flow in port waters, the saturation index of port channel increases gradually, which leads to the saturation of port anchor also increases. As a safe water area for ships in and out of port, the use of anchors plays an important role in the anchoring safety of anchoring ships, the safety of navigation ships near anchors, the efficiency of port operation, and the safety supervision of maritime affairs. However, there is a serious phenomenon of anchor breaking out of some anchorages in coastal ports of our country, which not only reduces the utilization rate of anchors and results in the waste of anchor resources, but also seriously affects the navigation safety of ships entering and leaving anchorages and other normal navigation ships near anchorages. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the current situation of the use of anchorages in China, to analyze the use of anchorages and the problems existing in the process of use, and to give the corresponding suggestions. First of all, this paper analyzes and studies the related concepts of Anchorage, anchor setting parameters, anchor capacity and the waters occupied by anchoring ship, and explains in detail the theoretical knowledge of relevant data statistics. On this basis, using the static and dynamic information provided by AIS, the anchoring conditions of more than 70 anchors in Dalian Port, Jinzhou Port, Jingtang Port, Caofeidian Port, Tianjin Port, Huanghua Port, Qingdao Port, Shanghai Port, Ningbo Zhoushan Port, Xiamen Port and Shenzhen Port are observed and counted for a long time. Secondly, according to the observation and statistical results, on the premise of obtaining a large number of data, combined with the purpose of this paper, 10 anchors with frequent anchor phenomenon outside the anchor site are selected for research. The Anchorage capacity, anchor spacing and utilization ratio of anchors are statistically analyzed. The linear relationship between anchor spacing and captain is analyzed by using SPSS software, and the corresponding regression equations are obtained and compared with the code. Finally, combined with the actual use of the anchor, this paper analyzes the causes of anchor outside the anchor and gives reasonable suggestions for improvement, so as to provide the corresponding reference for improving the utilization rate of the anchor, ensuring the navigation safety of the anchor ship and other ships near the anchor, the planning of the anchor, the supervision of the maritime department, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U653.2

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