兴化地区锅炉安全运行监管与节能改造案例的分析研究
发布时间：2018-10-19 16:04
【摘要】：锅炉作为一种热力设备广泛运用于国民经济的各个领域,由于锅炉是承压设备,其运行存在一定的危险性,一旦发生安全事故会带来不可估量的人身和经济损失,所以必须重视、规范锅炉的安全运行监管。锅炉也是主要的耗能设备之一,现阶段以燃煤锅炉为主。由于我国燃煤锅炉的实际运行效率偏低,造成能源的巨大浪费。因此,基于锅炉的实际运行现状,针对性地开展行之有效的锅炉节能改造,不仅可以提高锅炉运行的热效率,而且可以提升其运行的可靠性和经济性,同时减少锅炉的燃煤消耗,起到减少排放的积极效果。兴化地区的锅炉安全运行监管主要包括锅炉使用过程的安全监察、监督和检验、检测工作。本地区以小型燃煤工业锅炉为主,数量多,分布广,锅炉使用单位及从业人员的安全责任意识有待加强,因此,当地的锅炉安全运行监管和节能改造工作面临诸多难题。本文结合当地锅炉使用的实际状况,重点关注锅炉安全运行监管和节能改造二个方面,主要工作和结论如下:(1)基于兴化地区在用锅炉类别、分布数据,结合当地锅炉安全运行故障、事故案例,指出当地锅炉安全事故多为受热面损坏事故。锅炉事故原因多为安全附件失效、锅炉水处理不当或缺失,导致换热管局部过热变形、破损;或因管内内结垢严重引起局部传热恶化,发生爆管破口等安全事故。通过加强宣传、监管和培训,锅炉事故率逐年下降。(2)基于本地锅炉原水水质状况,结合各种水处理工艺特点,制定正确的锅内加药水处理规范。通过跟踪锅内加药水处理前后的锅炉结垢和运行情况,选用Na2CO3和Na3PO4混合(比例为5:3)的粉剂,结合一定量HPMA(聚马来酸酐)水剂的药剂配方,加药剂量根据锅炉结垢情况适当调整。执行本地锅炉水处理全覆盖监管,锅炉的水质检验合格率提高到86.5%,锅炉结垢率降为10.8%,锅炉的故障率、事故率降低。(3)对YLW-7000MAII有机热载体锅炉实施节能技术改造。将原先的工频与手动相结合的半自动化控制模式改造为变频技术与自动控制相结合的全自动化控制方式。根据回油温度(267±2℃)动态调节锅炉热负荷,同时,炉膛负压控制系统实时调节引风机的排烟量,保证炉膛负压在-30±2 Pa范围内,维持锅炉恒负压的燃烧状态。节能改造后的锅炉热效率提高4.44%,节省用煤9.6%左右,节约用电23.17%。同时减少运行工人1名,工人劳动强度降低。
[Abstract]:As a kind of thermal equipment, boiler is widely used in various fields of national economy. Because boiler is a pressure equipment, its operation is dangerous, once the safety accident occurs, it will bring incalculable personal and economic losses. Therefore, attention must be paid to the regulation of boiler safety operation. Boiler is also one of the main energy consumption equipment, coal-fired boilers are the main at the present stage. The actual operation efficiency of coal-fired boilers in China is on the low side, resulting in a huge waste of energy. Therefore, based on the actual operation situation of the boiler, it can not only improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler operation, but also enhance the reliability and economy of the boiler operation. At the same time, to reduce the coal consumption of boilers, play a positive effect of reducing emissions. The supervision of boiler safety operation in Xinghua area mainly includes the safety supervision, supervision and inspection of boiler operation process. In this area, the small coal-fired industrial boilers are the main type, with large quantity and wide distribution. The safety responsibility consciousness of boiler users and employees needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the local boiler safety operation supervision and energy-saving renovation work face many difficulties. Combined with the actual situation of local boiler use, this paper focuses on two aspects of boiler safety operation supervision and energy saving transformation. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the data of boiler in use in Xinghua area, Combined with the local boiler safety operation failure and accident cases, it is pointed out that the local boiler safety accident is mostly the heating surface damage accident. Most boiler accidents are caused by failure of safety accessories, improper or missing treatment of boiler water, resulting in local overheating deformation and breakage of heat exchanger pipes, or serious deterioration of local heat transfer caused by scaling in pipes, and occurrence of safety accidents such as tube breakage. Through strengthening propaganda, supervision and training, the accident rate of boiler decreases year by year. (2) based on the water quality of local boiler raw water and combined with the characteristics of various water treatment processes, the correct standards for the treatment of potion water in the boiler are formulated. By tracking the scale and operation of boiler before and after the treatment of potion water, the powder mixed with Na2CO3 and Na3PO4 (5:3) was selected, combined with the formulation of a certain amount of HPMA (polymaleic anhydride) water agent, and the dosages were adjusted according to the scaling condition of the boiler. Under the supervision of full coverage of local boiler water treatment, the qualified rate of boiler water quality inspection is increased to 86.5, the boiler scaling rate is reduced to 10.8, the boiler failure rate and accident rate are reduced. (3) Energy-saving technical transformation of YLW-7000MAII organic heat carrier boiler is carried out. The original semi-automatic control mode which combines power frequency and manual control is transformed into a fully automatic control mode which combines frequency conversion technology and automatic control. According to the back oil temperature (267 卤2 鈩，
本文编号：2281630
[Abstract]:As a kind of thermal equipment, boiler is widely used in various fields of national economy. Because boiler is a pressure equipment, its operation is dangerous, once the safety accident occurs, it will bring incalculable personal and economic losses. Therefore, attention must be paid to the regulation of boiler safety operation. Boiler is also one of the main energy consumption equipment, coal-fired boilers are the main at the present stage. The actual operation efficiency of coal-fired boilers in China is on the low side, resulting in a huge waste of energy. Therefore, based on the actual operation situation of the boiler, it can not only improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler operation, but also enhance the reliability and economy of the boiler operation. At the same time, to reduce the coal consumption of boilers, play a positive effect of reducing emissions. The supervision of boiler safety operation in Xinghua area mainly includes the safety supervision, supervision and inspection of boiler operation process. In this area, the small coal-fired industrial boilers are the main type, with large quantity and wide distribution. The safety responsibility consciousness of boiler users and employees needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the local boiler safety operation supervision and energy-saving renovation work face many difficulties. Combined with the actual situation of local boiler use, this paper focuses on two aspects of boiler safety operation supervision and energy saving transformation. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the data of boiler in use in Xinghua area, Combined with the local boiler safety operation failure and accident cases, it is pointed out that the local boiler safety accident is mostly the heating surface damage accident. Most boiler accidents are caused by failure of safety accessories, improper or missing treatment of boiler water, resulting in local overheating deformation and breakage of heat exchanger pipes, or serious deterioration of local heat transfer caused by scaling in pipes, and occurrence of safety accidents such as tube breakage. Through strengthening propaganda, supervision and training, the accident rate of boiler decreases year by year. (2) based on the water quality of local boiler raw water and combined with the characteristics of various water treatment processes, the correct standards for the treatment of potion water in the boiler are formulated. By tracking the scale and operation of boiler before and after the treatment of potion water, the powder mixed with Na2CO3 and Na3PO4 (5:3) was selected, combined with the formulation of a certain amount of HPMA (polymaleic anhydride) water agent, and the dosages were adjusted according to the scaling condition of the boiler. Under the supervision of full coverage of local boiler water treatment, the qualified rate of boiler water quality inspection is increased to 86.5, the boiler scaling rate is reduced to 10.8, the boiler failure rate and accident rate are reduced. (3) Energy-saving technical transformation of YLW-7000MAII organic heat carrier boiler is carried out. The original semi-automatic control mode which combines power frequency and manual control is transformed into a fully automatic control mode which combines frequency conversion technology and automatic control. According to the back oil temperature (267 卤2 鈩，
本文编号：2281630
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