用海项目对大连湾海洋生态环境的影响分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 12:12

本文选题：大连湾 + 沉积物　；参考：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前大规模的海洋经济发展,加剧了海域生态环境的污染,对海水水质、水生生物、水产资源等造成一系列影响。大连湾地区在发展经济的同时,也应该注意保护其海域资源,本文通过2012和2013年的监测数据进行分析,应用不同的评价方法对该海域的海洋环境现状进行评价。同时对该海域的沿岸用海项目进行逐个调查,结合岸线数据、污染源排放数据,从海洋生态学的角度分析海域开发带来的环境影响。根据研究,在2012年和2013年大连湾海域水质属于中度污染水平,COD、石油类、无机氮对海域污染的贡献程度较大,其中COD和石油类均超过了二类海水水质标准,结合历史数据发现,该海区的主要污染物长期是COD和石油类；另外,通过单因子标准指数法、潜在生态风险评价法、地累积指数法对沉积物状况进行分析,发现这两年中,大连湾海域的重金属污染程度并没有发生明显变化,这与沉积物本身较为稳定有关,也说明这两年中海域开发减少,沿岸没有产生更多的用海项目。但是沉积物中Cu、Zn元素均超过二类标准,这与沿岸的装备制造业、电镀业集中有关；另外从潜在生态风险评价法的角度分析,Hg和Cd的生态风险程度最高,Zn的风险系数最小,所以应采取有效的措施降低Hg和Cd的浓度；从地累积指数法的角度分析,近两年六种重金属的地累积指数均低于1,所以在该海域的沉积物中Cu、Pb、 Zn、Hg、Cd、As的累积效应很低。另外,本文在研究海区沉积物的同时也关注相应年度浮游生物和底栖生物的情况,通过对实验数据进行相关性分析,认为Hg、 As对生物量、均匀度存在相关性。最后综合历史数据分析,大连湾承载了市区70%左右的工业类废水排放,其中石油类、重金属元素Zn、Cu、Pb较容易超标排放,值得引起注意。
[Abstract]:At present, the large-scale development of marine economy has aggravated the pollution of the marine ecological environment, and has caused a series of effects on the seawater quality, aquatic organisms, aquatic resources and so on. While developing economy, Dalian Bay should also pay attention to protecting its marine resources. This paper analyzes the monitoring data of 2012 and 2013, and applies different evaluation methods to evaluate the present situation of marine environment in this area. At the same time, the coastal projects of the sea area are investigated one by one, and the environmental impact brought by the exploitation of the sea area is analyzed from the point of view of marine ecology, combining with the data of the shoreline and the discharge data of the pollution sources. According to the study, in 2012 and 2013, the water quality of Dalian Bay was classified as a moderately polluted level. The contribution of petroleum and inorganic nitrogen to the pollution of the sea area was significant. Among them, COD and petroleum exceeded the water quality standards of the second type of seawater, and were found in combination with historical data. The main pollutants in this area are COD and petroleum for a long time. In addition, by means of single factor standard index method, potential ecological risk assessment method and ground accumulation index method, it is found that in the past two years, The pollution level of heavy metals in Dalian Bay has not changed obviously, which is related to the stability of the sediment itself. It also shows that the development of the sea area has decreased in the past two years, and no more sea use projects have been produced along the coast. However, the Cu ~ (2 +) Zn elements in sediments are above the second class standard, which is related to the concentration of equipment manufacturing industry and electroplating industry along the coast, in addition, the risk coefficient of the highest ecological risk degree of Hg and CD is the lowest from the perspective of potential ecological risk assessment. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to reduce the concentration of Hg and CD, and from the point of view of geoaccumulation index method, the ground accumulation index of six heavy metals is lower than 1 in the last two years, so the accumulative effect of CuPb, ZnHgCdAs in the sediments of this sea area is very low. In addition, this paper also pays attention to the plankton and benthos in the corresponding year while studying the sediment in the sea area. Through the correlation analysis of the experimental data, it is concluded that there is correlation between the biomass and the uniformity of the HG and as. Finally, the comprehensive historical data analysis shows that about 70% of the industrial waste water is discharged in Dalian Bay, among which petroleum and heavy metal Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Pb are easily discharged over the standard, which is worthy of attention.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P74;X826

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