废黄河三角洲海岸演变过程与悬浮泥沙研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 14:09

本文选题：废黄河三角洲 + 海岸演变　；参考：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：苏北废黄河三角洲海岸演变分别以1128年和1855年黄河南侵淮河入黄海和北归入渤海两个时间节点,分为黄河夺淮前、黄河夺淮期间和黄河北归后三个阶段。黄河夺淮前,即废黄河三角洲的处于稳定的障壁岛-渴湖海岸阶段,时间范围为新石器时期～公元1128年,岸外以沙坝、o_湖、贝壳堤以及潮汐汉道组成了砂质障壁岛-渴湖海岸。黄河夺淮期间,公元1128～1855年,形成了河口三角洲、滨海平原以及岸外沙洲,河口向海延伸了74km,期间大量的泥沙物源输入,使得废黄河三角洲形成进入鼎盛时期,形成了河控型建设性三角洲。黄河北归后,公元1855年至今,废黄河三角洲侵蚀表现为海岸岸线的侵蚀内移和水下岸坡的冲刷降低,呈海控型破坏性三角洲。这三个阶段亦可分为废黄河三角洲形成的稳定阶段、淤进阶段、蚀退阶段。本文在前人对废黄河三角洲演变的研究基础上,结合近现代的降水量、气温等气候要素数据资料与废黄河三角洲演变相关联,分析气候变化影响下苏北废黄河三角洲的塑造过程。然而,直至百年之前才进入对气候数据仪器记录的器测时代,浩瀚的人类历史文明中较多的利用文字记载了有关气候的信息,本文亦利用地方志、旱涝灾情进行统计分析。结果表明气候变化与苏北废黄河三角洲演变之间存在密切关联,并绘制气候与海岸塑造的关系链。目前,废黄河三角洲海岸全长127.5km,地貌面积为857.67km2。受全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,以及黄河北归以来岸滩侵蚀问题的加剧,使得废黄河三角洲成为研究的典型区域。随着江苏沿海大开发的战略提升,盐城滨海港10万吨级港口码头、航道工程的开发建设面对侵蚀问题的严重影响。科学分析该海岸的演变过程及趋势,对废黄河三角洲海岸的开发利用具有实际意义。近年来,华东师范大学多年在废黄河三角洲海域开展多次水文泥沙监测。本文选取2012年7月于废黄河三角洲近岸海域(北至灌河口,南至射阳河口)1个潮周期定点站位采样点及140个大面走航站位点所采集的ADCP、OBS、水样等数据资料。利用定点水样实验室测得悬沙浓度与ADCP反演悬沙浓度进行对比,实现ADCP反演结果的野外标定及验证。对比分析ADCP反演的可靠性。并直接通过ADCP反演的方法高效解译出大面悬沙浓度,结合其他数据资料,研究发现从废黄河三角洲南翼悬沙浓度大于北翼,近岸悬沙浓度高于离岸,垂向上底层悬沙浓度高于表层。分析表明,废黄河三角洲岸滩沉积物的再悬浮是悬沙的主要来源。夏季降雨量的增大与径流量之间的相应关系使得大量泥沙随径流入海,亦成为影响废黄河三角洲海岸悬沙变化的重要因子。此外,夏季沿岸流作用的影响,南部辐射沙洲的悬浮泥沙也对废黄河三角洲南岸造成了一定的影响。
[Abstract]:The coastal evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta in northern Jiangsu Province was divided into three stages: the Huai River entering Huang Hai in the south of the Yellow River in 1128 and the Huai River in 1855 and the Huanghe River entering the Bohai Sea in the north, which were divided into three stages: the Huanghe River before the Huai River capture, the Huanghe River capture period and the Yellow River returning to the north. Before the Huanghe River took over the Huai River, the coastal stage of Ke Lake, a stable barrier island of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, was in the period from the Neolithic Age to 1128 AD. The sandy barrier island-Ke Lake coast was made up of sand dam, shell dike and tidal Han Road off the shore. During the capture of the Huanghe River, from 1128 to 1855, the estuary delta, coastal plain and offshore sandbanks were formed, and the estuary extended to the sea for 74 km. during which a large number of sediment sources were inputted, which led to the formation of the abandoned Yellow River Delta at its peak. A river-controlled constructive delta is formed. After the Yellow River returned to the north, the erosion of the abandoned Yellow River Delta from 1855 to present was characterized by the erosion inward movement of the coastal shoreline and the erosion of the underwater bank slope, which was characterized by the destructive deltas controlled by the sea. These three stages can be divided into stable stage, silting stage and erosion stage. On the basis of previous studies on the evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, this paper is related to the evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta with the data of precipitation, temperature and other climatic elements in modern times. This paper analyzes the shaping process of the abandoned Yellow River Delta in northern Jiangsu under the influence of climate change. However, it was not until a hundred years ago that we entered the time of instrument measurement of climate data. In the vast historical civilization of mankind, the information about climate was recorded by writing, and this paper also used local chronicles, drought and flood to carry on statistical analysis. The results show that there is a close relationship between climate change and the evolution of the abandoned Yellow River Delta in northern Jiangsu, and the relationship between climate and coastal molding is drawn. At present, the total length of the abandoned Yellow River Delta coast is 127.5 km and the geomorphologic area is 857.67 km2. Due to the dual effects of global climate change and human activities, and the intensification of shoreline erosion since the northward return of the Yellow River, the abandoned Yellow River Delta has become a typical research area. With the strategic improvement of Jiangsu coastal development, the development and construction of waterway engineering in Yancheng seaport face the serious influence of erosion problem. Scientific analysis of the evolution process and trend of the coast is of practical significance to the exploitation and utilization of the abandoned Yellow River Delta coast. In recent years, East China normal University has carried out many hydrological sediment monitoring in the abandoned Yellow River Delta area for many years. In this paper, the data of ADCPOBS, water samples collected in July 2012 in the coastal waters of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (north to Guankou, south to Sheyang estuary) at a tide cycle fixed point station and 140 large plane navigation stations are selected. The suspended sediment concentration measured in the fixed point water sample laboratory is compared with the suspended sediment concentration inversion by ADCP, and the field calibration and verification of the ADCP inversion results are realized. The reliability of ADCP inversion is compared and analyzed. The large surface suspended sediment concentration is effectively interpreted by the method of ADCP inversion. Combining with other data, it is found that the suspended sediment concentration in the south wing of the abandoned Yellow River Delta is higher than that in the north wing, and the suspended sediment concentration in the near shore is higher than that in the offshore area. The suspended sediment concentration in the vertical bottom is higher than that in the surface. The analysis shows that the resuspension of sediment is the main source of suspended sediment in the Yellow River Delta. The relationship between the increase of rainfall in summer and the runoff makes a large amount of sediment flow into the sea and becomes an important factor to influence the suspended sediment variation along the coast of the abandoned Yellow River Delta. In addition, the influence of the coastal current in summer, the suspended sediment from the southern radiation sandbanks also has a certain effect on the southern shore of the abandoned Yellow River Delta.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P737.1

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