高帧频CMOS电子学及精细导星处理技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 10:33

本文关键词：高帧频CMOS电子学及精细导星处理技术研究　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(上海技术物理研究所)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前先进的太空观测平台上都是使用精细导星传感器(Fine Guidance Sensor,FGS)作为精密稳像系统中必不可少的高精度传感环节,为其提供高质量的姿态信息。FGS的基本原理是通过用精导传感器把导向恒星成像在一个阵列上,通过对成像信息的提取得到一个矩心并产生一个误差信号,误差信号被反馈给望远镜的姿态控制系统并由它来对相移进行补偿。高帧频数字相机能够将高速流逝过程放慢到人眼可以分辨的程度,是研究瞬态现象非常有力的工具。在工业、科研和军事领域都有十分广泛的应用。近年来各国在高速相机领域投入大量精力并取得良好成效,积极开展高分辨率高速相机的自主研制对国内相关领域的发展具有重大意义。课题主要面向高速相机的图像存储和传输技术以及未来大口径、大视场望远镜的高精度快速稳像需求,开展大面阵、高帧频、高精度、实时的导星矩心提取和高带宽图像传输系统的研制和测试验证工作。论文以FPGA驱动CMOS探测器进行图像采集处理和传输为切入点,对整个系统的硬件和软件设计以及测试展开了研究,论文完成的主要工作如下:首先,对课题的背景进行了阐述,对高速大面阵相机、精细导星处理技术和亚像元质心定位算法的国内外研究现状进行了调研;其次,详细阐述了系统的指标要求,结合指标要求设计完成了高帧频CMOS图像采集处理和传输系统的方案设计;第三,完成了系统的硬件电路设计,包括前期的高速信号完整性仿真、前端探测器输出电路设计、信息处理电路设计、电源模块电路设计;第四,完成了系统的软件编程工作,包括FPGA平台上硬件语言的编程、上位机程序的编写;第五,完成了导星矩心提取系统的测试验证工作,包括系统硬件和软件部分的调试,系统指标要求的测试等。实验结果表明:高帧频导星矩心提取系统能够按照系统指标要求实时、高精度的提取导星的矩心信息,并能以高帧频传输图像和矩心信息到上位机保存或显示,达到了预期的研究目标和设计要求。论文的创新点在于:1在研究了国内外精细导星传感器技术的基础上,提出了采用有源像素CMOS探测器作为面阵采样单元、FPGA作为实时图像处理核心处理器的技术方案,构建并完成了精细导星验证系统在单面阵上软硬件的结合,为我国自主研发空间望远镜的相移补偿打好了实用基础。2为实现精细导星传感器实时、高精度的传感要求,搭建了一套从星图采集、缓存、处理到传输的完整精细导星检测的硬件平台。该硬件平台具有很强的实时数据处理能力,并能通过高带宽的千兆以太网和光纤接口实现图像和数据向上位机的传输。3设计了精细导星传感器的验证系统,对质心提取的实时性以及质心分割的动态和静态精度分别进行了检测,检测结果表明本课题实现的质心提取帧频和质心静态分割精度均优于预期的设计指标。
[Abstract]:Fine Guidance Sensor is currently used on advanced space observation platforms using fine Guidance sensors. As an essential high precision sensor in the precision image stabilization system, FGS provides high quality attitude information. The basic principle of FGS is to image the guided star on an array by using a precision guide sensor. A moment center is obtained by extracting the imaging information and an error signal is generated. The error signal is fed back to the telescope's attitude control system to compensate for the phase shift. The high frame rate digital camera can slow the high-speed flow to a degree that the human eye can distinguish. It is a very powerful tool to study transient phenomena. It has been widely used in industry, scientific research and military fields. In recent years, many countries have invested a lot of energy and achieved good results in the field of high-speed cameras. It is of great significance to develop the high resolution high speed camera independently for the development of the related fields in our country. The subject mainly faces the high speed camera image storage and transmission technology and the future large caliber. The high precision and fast image stabilization of large field telescope is required to develop large area array, high frame frequency and high precision. The research and test of real-time guide moment center extraction and high bandwidth image transmission system. This paper takes FPGA driven CMOS detector for image acquisition and transmission as the starting point. The hardware and software design and testing of the whole system are studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the background of the project is described, and the high-speed large plane array camera is introduced. The research status of fine guide star processing technology and sub-pixel centroid location algorithm at home and abroad has been investigated. Secondly, the index requirements of the system are described in detail, and the scheme of the high frame rate CMOS image acquisition and transmission system is designed and completed in combination with the index requirements. Third, the hardware circuit design of the system is completed, including the early high-speed signal integrity simulation, the front-end detector output circuit design, the information processing circuit design, the power module circuit design; 4th, completed the software programming of the system, including the programming of hardware language on the FPGA platform, the programming of the upper computer program; 5th, the testing and verification of the center of moment extraction system is completed, including the debugging of the hardware and software of the system. The experimental results show that the system can extract the center-of-moment information in real time and high precision according to the requirements of the system index. And it can transmit image and moment center information to the host computer at high frame rate to save or display. The innovation of the thesis lies in the research of the fine guide sensor technology at home and abroad. An active pixel CMOS detector is proposed as the core processor of real-time image processing. The combination of hardware and software of the precision guide star verification system on a single plane array is constructed and completed, which lays a practical foundation for phase shift compensation of the space telescope in our country. 2. For the realization of the precision star guide sensor in real time. High precision sensing requirements, a set of star map acquisition, buffer, processing to the transmission of the complete fine guide star detection hardware platform, the hardware platform has a strong real-time data processing capability. And through high-bandwidth gigabit Ethernet and optical fiber interface to achieve image and data transmission to the host computer .3 designed a fine guide star sensor verification system. The real-time of centroid extraction and the dynamic and static accuracy of centroid segmentation are detected respectively. The detection results show that the frame frequency of centroid extraction and the static segmentation accuracy of centroid are better than the expected design index.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(上海技术物理研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V445.8;TP212

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