两自由度扑翼飞行器设计分析与样机实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 05:33

本文关键词： 扑翼扑动扭转气动性能升力推力　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：扑翼飞行器是一种可以像鸟或者昆虫一样通过扑动翅膀实现飞行的新型飞行器,它具有体积小、质量轻、隐蔽性好、灵活性好、操作简单、携带方便等优点,在军事领域和民用领域,都具有十分诱人的应用前景。为此本课题将主要对可实现机翼扑动和扭转运动的扑翼飞行器展开研究。本文通过分析发现:具有多自由度扑动机构的扑翼飞行器仿生程度更高,因而具有较高的气动性能。为此,通过对已有的单曲柄双摇杆扑翼结构以及空间曲柄摇杆扑翼机构进行分析和改进,并结合现实中鸟类的飞行姿态,研制出了一种可同时实现机翼扑动和扭转的扑翼机构,并通过对其进行运动学仿真,验证了该扑动机构的有效性。针对上述扑动机构,采用计算流体力学方法对不同扑动姿态的气动特性进行研究,得到了使上述机构获得最大升力的翼翅扭转角,从而确定了扑翼机构的运动参数。根据得到的相关运动学参数,对扑翼飞行器的样机进行了整体设计、构件尺寸设计以及各部件的选型,并最终设计装配得到了完整的样机。搭建测力平台对样机进行了升力和推力实验。实验结果最终验证了该扑动样机相比于纯扑动扑翼机构具有更优良的气动特性。本文研究一方面,丰富了多自由度扑动机构的内涵,为后续扑翼飞行器的研究提供参考;另一方面,加深了对扑翼机构气动特性的认识,有助于设计具有更好气动特性的扑翼飞行器。因此,本论文具有一定的理论及实际意义。
[Abstract]:Flapping-wing aircraft is a new type of aircraft which can fly by flapping its wings like birds or insects. It has the advantages of small volume, light weight, good concealment, good flexibility, simple operation, convenient carrying, and so on. In the military and civilian fields, Therefore, this paper will focus on the research of flapping-wing aircraft which can realize wing flutter and torsional motion. Through the analysis, it is found that the flapping-wing aircraft with multi-degree-of-freedom flutter mechanism has higher biomimetic degree. Therefore, it has higher aerodynamic performance. In this paper, by analyzing and improving the structure of single and double rocker flapping wings and the space crank rocker flapping wing mechanism, and combining with the flight attitude of birds in reality, A flapping wing mechanism is developed, which can realize both wing flutter and torsion simultaneously. The validity of the flapping mechanism is verified by kinematics simulation. The aerodynamic characteristics of different flutter positions are studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the wing wing torsion angle, which can obtain the maximum lift force, is obtained, and the kinematic parameters of the flapping wing mechanism are determined according to the relevant kinematics parameters. The prototype of flapping-wing aircraft is designed as a whole, the dimensions of the components are designed, and the selection of each component is given. Finally, a complete prototype was obtained by design and assembly. The lift and thrust experiments of the prototype were carried out on a force-measuring platform. The experimental results proved that the flutter prototype had better aerodynamic characteristics than the pure flapping wing mechanism. On the one hand, It enriches the connotation of multi-degree-of-freedom flutter mechanism and provides a reference for further research on flapping-wing aircraft. On the other hand, it deepens the understanding of the aerodynamic characteristics of flapping-wing mechanism and contributes to the design of flapping-wing aircraft with better aerodynamic characteristics. This paper has certain theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V276

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