不锈钢整体叶盘铣削加工让刀补偿技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 23:29

本文选题：整体叶盘　切入点：铣削加工　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：整体叶盘是航空发动机的重要零件,对于提高发动机的推重比和可靠性具有关键作用。其多采用不锈钢、钛合金等材料制造,而且叶盘通道狭窄,叶片形状复杂,制造精度要求高,整体叶盘制造面临极大挑战。目前,整体叶盘的主流制造方法是多轴铣削加工,一般经历开槽、精铣等阶段。叶片型面精度是整体叶盘加工质量的重要评价依据。部分整体叶盘铣削加工中,刀具刚性相对较差,发生让刀现象,导致叶片精度降低,因此,需要进行让刀补偿。本文针对某型不锈钢整体叶盘,开展了铣削工艺研究,尤其对叶片精加工过程中刀具变形导致的误差进行了补偿,提出解决方案。首先结合研究对象的结构特点和加工要求,进行工艺设计,确定铣削加工流程,合理选择各工序的刀具类型和切削参数,并规划刀具路径。然后建立弱刚性刀具让刀变形模型,对影响刀具变形量的铣削力、切削点悬长、弹性模量和极惯性矩进行分析,考虑让刀误差预测难度,提出基于叶片试件型面点测量的让刀补偿方法。叶片型面数据点由数控机床在线测量获取,通过叶片测量点规划、测量路径规划和测量数据处理,得到叶片试件型面实测点坐标。最后在UG二次开发平台上进行型面点补偿和曲面重构,重新规划刀路实现让刀补偿。此让刀补偿方案经实验验证,加工的不锈钢整体叶盘满足设计要求。整体叶盘铣削加工让刀补偿技术可用于解决实际生产问题,对于提高整体叶盘加工质量和加工效率具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:The integral impeller is an important part of aero-engine, which plays a key role in improving the propeller weight ratio and reliability of the engine. It is mostly made of stainless steel, titanium alloy and other materials, and the impeller passage is narrow and the blade shape is complex. The manufacturing accuracy is high, and the manufacture of the whole blade is facing great challenge. At present, the main manufacturing method of the whole blade is multi-axis milling, which generally goes through slotting. The precision of blade profile is an important basis for evaluating the machining quality of the whole blade disk. In the partial integral disk milling process, the tool rigidity is relatively poor, which leads to the reduction of blade precision. In this paper, the milling process of a stainless steel integral disk is studied, especially the error caused by tool deformation in the process of blade finishing is compensated. The solution is put forward. Firstly, according to the structural characteristics and machining requirements of the research object, the process design is carried out, the milling process is determined, and the cutter types and cutting parameters of each process are reasonably selected. The tool path is planned, and then the model of tool deformation is established. The milling force, the length of cutting point, the elastic modulus and the moment of inertia are analyzed, and the difficulty of tool error prediction is considered, and the cutting force, the length of cutting point, the elastic modulus and the moment of inertia are analyzed. This paper presents a compensation method for blade surface point measurement based on blade surface measurement. The blade profile data points are obtained by on-line measurement of NC machine tools, and measured path planning and measurement data processing are carried out through blade measurement point planning, measurement path planning and measurement data processing. The measured point coordinates of the blade surface are obtained. Finally, the surface compensation and surface reconstruction are carried out on the UG secondary development platform, and the tool path is reprogrammed to make the cutter compensate. The scheme of tool compensation is verified by experiments. The stainless steel integral disk can meet the design requirements. The compensation technology of the cutter can be used to solve the practical production problem. It is of great significance to improve the machining quality and efficiency of the whole blade disk.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V263

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