航空发动机钛合金薄壁回转件车削工艺研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 07:32

本文选题：航空发动机　切入点：钛合金　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着新型材料冶金技术的发展与进步,作为“崛起的第三代金属”钛合金已经完全替代了铝镁合金和钢构件,成为航空发动机上应用范围最广的合金之一,特别是在低压压气机单元体、高压压气机单元体进气部分及风扇增压级单元体等部分已经基本上实现了全钛化结构。伴随着航空技术的不断发展,近年来,由于薄壁零件具有重量轻、节约材料、结构紧凑等特点,在航空行业得到了广泛的应用。此外,在航空发动机设计过程中,设计人员为了提高发动机的推重比,在满足使用安全的前提下,尽可能将零件设计成薄壁结构。由于薄壁零件结构的特殊性,其刚度较低,机械加工过程中受切削力、切削热以及装夹等因素的影响下极易产生加工变形。钛合金导热性差,导致切削部位的温度升高较多,刀具磨损加剧致使保证尺寸更加困难,加工后的零件超差或者废品较多。极大制约了航空发动机中钛合金薄壁回转件的应用范围和应用后的薄壁回转件的优质交付。本文主要从研究航空发动机用钛合金材料的特性及切削特点入手,结合航空发动机钛合金薄壁回转件的加工现状和特点,对航空发动机用钛合金薄壁回转体的车削加工特点及其切削加工性的改善措施进行分析,着重改善和优化钛合金薄壁回转件的车削加工工艺路线和工艺方法。根据航空发动机钛合金薄壁回转零件的特殊结构和加工控制要求,结合钛合金零件的加工特点,借鉴以往零件的加工经验,制定出钛合金薄壁回转件的机械加工工艺路线；再结合零件自身特点,借鉴类似零件加工装夹方式,设计出更合理的装夹工装。根据零件的结构特点,并针对钛合金的难加工特性,制定并选择适合刀具材料、制定刀具方案。并细化精加工操作工步,优化数控加工走刀路线及加工参数,以减小零件变形,保证设计尺寸和技术条件。因此,对航空发动机钛合金薄壁回转件车加工技术的研究,对于提升钛合金薄壁回转件制造技术水平,保证零件优质合格交付具有非常重要的意义。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of new material metallurgical technology, as a "rising third generation metal" titanium alloy has completely replaced aluminum, magnesium alloy and steel components, and has become one of the most widely used alloys in aero-engine.Especially in the low pressure compressor unit body, the high pressure compressor unit body intake part and the fan pressurized stage unit body and so on part has basically realized the entire titanium structure.With the development of aviation technology, thin-walled parts have been widely used in aviation industry in recent years because of its characteristics of light weight, saving materials and compact structure.In addition, in the process of aero-engine design, in order to improve the ratio of thrust to weight of the engine, the designer designs the parts as thin-walled structure as possible under the premise of satisfying the safety in use.Due to the special structure of thin-walled parts, the stiffness of thin-walled parts is low, and it is easy to produce machining deformation under the influence of cutting force, cutting heat, clamping and other factors in the process of machining.The thermal conductivity of titanium alloy is poor, which leads to the temperature rising in cutting position, the tool wear is more difficult to ensure the dimension, and the parts after machining are too bad or more waste.The application scope of titanium alloy thin-wall rotary parts and the high-quality delivery of thin-walled rotary parts in aero-engine are greatly restricted.In this paper, the characteristics and cutting characteristics of titanium alloy for aero-engine are studied, and the machining status and characteristics of thin-walled rotary parts of titanium alloy for aero-engine are combined.This paper analyzes the turning characteristics of titanium alloy thin-walled rotary body for aero-engine and the improvement measures of its machinability, and emphatically improves and optimizes the turning technology route and process method of titanium alloy thin-wall rotary part.According to the special structure and machining control requirements of the thin wall rotary parts of titanium alloy of aero-engine, combined with the machining characteristics of the parts of titanium alloy, and referring to the machining experience of the former parts, the machining process route of the thin wall rotary parts of titanium alloy was worked out.According to the characteristics of the parts, a more reasonable clamping tool is designed by using the similar parts for reference.According to the structural characteristics of the parts and the difficult processing characteristics of the titanium alloy, the suitable tool materials and cutting tool schemes are formulated and selected.In order to reduce the deformation of the parts and ensure the design dimension and technical conditions, the precision machining operator steps are refined and the cutting path and parameters of NC machining are optimized.Therefore, the research on the machining technology of titanium alloy thin wall rotary parts of aero-engine is of great significance for improving the manufacturing technology level of titanium alloy thin wall rotary parts and ensuring the high quality and qualified delivery of the parts.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V263

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