基于LabVIEW RT的交会对接实时仿真系统设计

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:12

本文选题：交会对接 + LabVIEW　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：交会对接技术与天地往返、出舱活动技术并称为载人航天三大基本技术,其技术主要能够服务于长期载人航天飞行、大型空间站使用以及相关补给任务的重要支撑部分,因此作为一项复杂的系统来说,设计其系统具有诸多要求。如何真实且有效的设计交会对接的仿真测试具有非常重要的意义,随着目前航天事业的发展,在航天领域中引入实时仿真技术已经有了一定的应用。而Lab VIEW RT是在Lab VIEW编程软件的基础上,衍生出的一种面向实时系统的,且能够与相应实时硬件配合的实时操作系统,相比其他的实时系统来说,它的丰富的软硬件平台是其他实时系统所不具有的。本文基于某实际项目“XX控制与仿真”,针对空间飞行器的动力学模型设计、仿真方案、半物理仿真试验等进行了深入研究。其主要内容包括:首先,在轨道坐标系中介绍了相对运动方程,即C-W方程,之后通过数学建模并分析其相对运动特点及性质;之后由于在近距离相对运动中的姿态运动也是不可忽视的一部分,故继而对相对姿态运动进行研究;最后通过对比分析自然状态下以及受摄动影响的数学仿真模型,研究摄动对空间飞行器的近距离相对运动的影响。之后,在近距离交会过程中,单一的惯性元件导航或者CCD相机导航都有着各自独立的优缺点,结合实际情况并不能单一有效的完成导航任务,为此本文结合两种导航系统的优势,分析并设计了IMU/CCD组合导航系统,提高系统的导航精度。其次,采用NI公司的仿真接口工具包(Simulation Interface Tookit,SIT)将之前在MATLAB/Simulink下的数字仿真模型转化为能够在Lab VIEW RT下实时运行的实时动力学仿真模型,并设计相应的模块化开发流程。最后,设计了近距离交会实时仿真系统整体方案,规划出实时仿真系统的整体组成以及各个子系统下的主要功能。针对实时仿真模型采用了NI-PXIe系列硬件以及相应的Lab VIEW RT下的实时仿真模型,并通过设计使得其具有良好的扩展性;针对分布式实时仿系统,通过共享内存的方式解决了各个子系统之间的数据传输问题;最后由Lab VIEW编写综合控制系统,提供良好的人机界面,并配合其他实验室现有设备进行半物理仿真试验。
[Abstract]:The technology of rendezvous and docking is called the three basic technologies of manned spaceflight, the technology of rendezvous and docking and the technology of extravehicular activities, which can mainly serve the important supporting parts of long-term manned space flight, the use of large space stations and related supply missions. Therefore, as a complex system, the design of its system has many requirements. How to design the simulation test of rendezvous and docking is of great significance. With the development of space industry, the introduction of real-time simulation technology in the field of space has been applied to a certain extent. On the basis of Lab VIEW programming software, Lab VIEW RT is a kind of real-time operating system which is oriented to real time system and can cooperate with corresponding real time hardware. Compared with other real time systems, Lab VIEW RT is a kind of real time operating system. Its rich hardware and software platform is not available in other real-time systems. Based on XX control and simulation, the dynamic model design, simulation scheme and semi-physical simulation test of space vehicle are studied in this paper. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the relative motion equation, C-W equation, is introduced in the orbit coordinate system, and then the characteristics and properties of the relative motion are analyzed by mathematical modeling. Then, because the attitude motion in the close distance relative motion is also a part that can not be ignored, the relative attitude motion is studied. Finally, the mathematical simulation model under the natural state and affected by the perturbation is compared and analyzed. The effect of perturbation on the relative motion of space vehicle at close range is studied. After that, in the process of close-range rendezvous, the single inertial component navigation or CCD camera navigation have their own advantages and disadvantages, combined with the actual situation can not be a single and effective navigation task. In this paper, combined with the advantages of the two navigation systems, the IMU/CCD integrated navigation system is analyzed and designed to improve the navigation accuracy. Secondly, the simulation Interface TookitSIT-based simulation interface tool kit of NI Company is used to transform the previous digital simulation model under MATLAB/Simulink into a real-time dynamic simulation model which can run in real time under Lab VIEW RT, and the corresponding modularization development flow is designed. Finally, the overall scheme of the real-time simulation system for close-range rendezvous is designed, and the overall composition of the real-time simulation system and the main functions of each subsystem are planned. Aiming at the real-time simulation model, this paper adopts NI-PXIe series hardware and the corresponding real-time simulation model under Lab VIEW RT, and makes it have good expansibility through the design, aiming at the distributed real-time simulation system, The problem of data transmission between subsystems is solved by sharing memory. Finally, the integrated control system is compiled by Lab VIEW, which provides a good man-machine interface, and carries out semi-physical simulation test with other existing equipment in laboratory.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V526;V411.8

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