基于视觉认知理论的头盔显示界面信息编码方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 08:35

  本文选题：头盔显示系统界面 + 头盔瞄准具　； 参考：《东南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着近年来航空航天技术和计算技术的飞速发展,战机的航电系统交互界面已经从传统的模式控制进入了数字化显示的视觉信息界面。尤其是战机头盔显示系统(Helmet Mounted Display System, HMDs)界面的应用,对未来战机系统人机交互提出了更高的要求。HMDs界面不同于传统航电界面,界面的透视增强、头盔的跟踪显示、信息的动态呈现、目标的符号标注等方面对界面信息编码呈现和人机交互提出了极高的设计要求。美国等发达国家在相关领域已经积累了一定的研究基础,而我国在航电系统界面的认知问题研究、HMDs界面的信息编码设计与之存在巨大差距,而基于视觉认知的HMDs界面信息编码方法研究更是设计领域、工程领域和心理学领域交叉研究的空白点。基于该问题的重要性以及相关研究匮乏的考虑,本论文以HMDs界面为研究对象,以飞行员视知觉理论为基础,针对界面的图标符号编码、信息布局编码、色彩编码等重点问题开展以下研究工作：(1)提出了HMDs界面可视性的基本原则。总结HMDs界面信息编码的显示系统设计参数,重点包括显示方式、出射光瞳、眼距、视场等。并从飞行员视知觉认知的角度,提出图标、亮度／对比度、分辨率、字符符号、色彩等方面的HMDs界面信息可视性的基本原则。(2)建立了从飞行员视觉认知到HMDs界面要素的映射关联方法。根据Shannon信息通讯系统模型、Wickens视觉搜索模型、Endsley的SA理论模型等视知觉分析方法,从界面信息编码和大脑信息解码的角度,重点分析信息传递过程中所涉及的态势感知、选择性注意、认知负荷等认知问题,总结HMDs界面设计元素信息编码与认知机理之间的层次关系。(3)提出了针对HMDs界面图标特征、信息布局、界面色彩应用的信息编码方法和设计原则。全面系统地对不同飞行任务阶段飞行员信息需求进行层次划分。根据本文提出的视觉认知到设计元素的映射关联理论,采用单探测变化检测、析因检测等实验范式开展了界面图标特征、告警信息布局、色彩应用等实验研究。根据实验结果获取、总结、提出了关于HMDs界面图标特征、信息布局、色彩应用的编码方法和设计原则。(4)基于本文所提出的由视觉认知到界面信息特征映射的HMDs界面编码方法,对界面中的高度指示、速度指示、航向指示和姿态指示等信息要素进行了全新编码设计,重点优化了HMDs界面图标标注、信息结构布局、背景色彩处理和告警提示方式等。开展了针对设计方案的认知负荷评估实验,通过眼动跟踪实验结果,验证了本文提出的编码方法和设计原则的有效性和可行性。本文的研究为HMDs界面设计提供了信息编码方法和实验方法,为HMDs人机交互问题提供了创造性的研究思路。从设计学的角度为提高我国战机航电系统界面设计水平、增强飞行员认知能力、提高飞行员决策判断的准确性做出了突出贡献。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of aerospace technology and computing technology in recent years, the interactive interface of aircraft avionics system has entered the digital display visual information interface from the traditional mode control. Especially, the application of the Helmet Mounted Display System (HMDs) boundary is applied to the human-computer interaction of the future aircraft system. The higher requirements are that the.HMDs interface is different from the traditional avionics interface, the perspective enhancement of the interface, the tracking and display of the helmet, the dynamic presentation of the information, the symbol tagging of the target, and so on, put forward high design requirements for the interface information coding and human-computer interaction. The developed countries such as the United States have accumulated a certain research foundation in the related fields. In our country, there is a huge gap between the design of HMDs interface information coding and the research on the cognitive problem of the interface of avionics system, and the research of HMDs interface information coding based on visual cognition is the blank point in the design field, the field of engineering and the field of psychology. In this paper, we take the HMDs interface as the research object. Based on the theory of visual perception of pilots, the following research work is carried out on the key issues of icon symbol coding, information layout coding, color coding, and so on. (1) the basic principles of HMDs interface visibility are proposed. The design parameters of the display system of HMDs interface information coding are summarized, and the key packages are summarized. The basic principle of visibility of HMDs interface information in the aspects of icon, brightness / contrast, resolution, character symbol, color and so on. (2) a mapping association method from pilot vision recognition to HMDs interface elements is established. Based on Shannon information Information system model, Wickens visual search model, Endsley SA theoretical model and other visual perception analysis methods, from the angle of interface information coding and brain information decoding, focus on the analysis of situation awareness, selective attention and cognitive load involved in the process of information transmission, and summarize the information coding and cognitive machine of HMDs interface design element. The hierarchical relationship between theory. (3) the information coding method and design principle of HMDs interface icon feature, information layout and interface color application are put forward. Test change detection, factorial detection and other experimental paradigms to carry out the interface icon features, alarm information layout, color application and other experimental research. According to the experimental results, summary, and put forward the HMDs interface icon features, information layout, color application coding methods and design principles. (4) based on the visual cognition to the interface letter proposed in this paper The HMDs interface coding method of the interest feature mapping is designed for the information elements such as height indication, speed indication, heading indication and attitude indication in the interface, and the HMDs interface icon tagging, information structure layout, background color processing and warning prompting are optimized. The cognitive load evaluation for the design scheme is carried out. The experimental results show the validity and feasibility of the coding method and design principle proposed in this paper. This study provides information coding and experimental methods for the HMDs interface design, which provides a creative research way for the HMDs human-computer interaction problem. The design level of electric system interface has enhanced the cognitive ability of pilots and made great contribution to improving the accuracy of decision making of pilots.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V244.3;V243.6
，

本文编号：2039277