航空公司飞行机组人员分配问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 09:17

【摘要】：近年来随着我国成为全球第二大航空运输系统,国外航空公司逐渐渗透到国内民航市场,使得航空市场竞争进入白热化状态。因此,国内航空公司唯有做大做强,增强自身竞争力,才能在激烈的竞争态势下生存、发展。面临这样的环境,航空公司需要最大程度地降低运营成本,提高自身的竞争力。由于机组成本已经成为仅次于燃油成本的航空公司直接运营成本中的第二大组成部分,因此合理进行机组排班,降低机组成本,是提高航空公司效益的一种有效手段。通过分析国内外学者对于机组排班的研究现状,以飞行机组分配问题作为切入点进行研究。本文通过对飞行机组人员分配问题的描述和其所要满足的限制条件的分析,首先把飞行机组分配问题转化为图着色,以飞行机组成本最小化为目标,建立飞行机组分配的图着色模型,将飞机机组作为图着色时所用的颜色的集合,将航班作为图的顶点,若航班之间存在时间冲突则用线连接顶点,得到航班时间冲突二元图。然后,选取国内某小型航空公司若干组航班和飞行机组进行数据仿真,在飞行机组对应的集合覆盖所有的航班的条件下,将航班分配给飞行机组。在要求任意两个相邻顶点不能使用同一个颜色的前提下,所使用的颜色数最少即飞行机组数目最少,并通过顶点着色算法来确定初始可行的分配方案。最后,考虑以飞行机组任务均衡为目标,通过对机组排班问题常用的算法进行比较分析,选择模拟退火算法对初始可行的飞行机组分配方案进行优化,经过算法关键步骤的设计和选取合适的参数,最终得到的运算结果验证了模型和算法的实用性和可行性。本文对于飞行机组分配问题的研究,不仅可以帮助航空公司提高市场竞争力,同时也有利于推进国内航空公司提高机组信息管理化水平。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as China has become the second largest air transportation system in the world, foreign airlines have gradually penetrated into the domestic civil aviation market, which makes the competition in the aviation market enter into a white-hot state. Therefore, only when domestic airlines become bigger and stronger, can they survive and develop in the fierce competition. Faced with such an environment, airlines need to minimize operating costs and improve their competitiveness. Because the unit cost has become the second largest part of the direct operating cost of the airline after the fuel cost, it is an effective means to improve the efficiency of the airline company to carry out reasonable crew scheduling and reduce the unit cost. By analyzing the current research situation of flight crew scheduling at home and abroad, the problem of flight crew allocation is taken as the starting point. In this paper, the problem of flight crew allocation is described and the constraints to be satisfied are analyzed. Firstly, the problem of flight crew allocation is transformed into graph coloring, and the objective is to minimize the cost of flight crew. The graph coloring model of flight crew assignment is established. The plane crew is regarded as the set of colors used in the graph coloring, and the flight is regarded as the vertex of the graph. If there is a time conflict between the flights, the vertex is connected with the line, and the binary graph of flight time conflict is obtained. Then, several groups of flight crew and flight crew of a domestic small airline are selected for data simulation, and the flight crew is assigned to the flight crew under the condition that the corresponding set of flight crew covers all the flights. Under the condition that any two adjacent vertices cannot use the same color, the least number of colors is used, that is, the number of flight crew members is the least, and the initial feasible allocation scheme is determined by vertex coloring algorithm. Finally, considering the flight crew task balance as the goal, by comparing and analyzing the common algorithms of flight crew scheduling, the simulated annealing algorithm is selected to optimize the initial feasible flight crew allocation scheme. After the key steps of the algorithm are designed and the appropriate parameters are selected, the results of the calculation finally verify the practicability and feasibility of the model and the algorithm. In this paper, the study of flight crew allocation can not only help airlines to improve their market competitiveness, but also promote domestic airlines to improve the level of crew information management.
【学位授予单位】：中国民用航空飞行学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V352

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