空间物体解体碎片云的长期演化建模与分析

发布时间：2018-09-01 10:24

【摘要】：空间碎片云由空间物体解体产生的大量空间碎片组成,由于其相对集中地分布在有限的空间内,将会对临近航天器产生较大的碰撞威胁。为了分析解体碎片云长期分布特点,文章首先利用数值积分方法对空间碎片云短期分布规律进行了研究;在此基础上,针对处于环状分布的碎片云,根据碎片所在的轨道高度和具有的面质比值,将碎片划分到不同分组,以每个组作为研究对象,建立了描述碎片云在大气阻力作用下的解析演化模型。模型避免了对单个解体碎片的运动状态进行积分,可大大降低对计算资源和计算时间的需求。考虑在高度为1 422km圆轨道上运行的物体,解体产生了1 780个碎片,利用解析演化模型得到碎片云未来50年内的演化分布状态。数值结果表明,碎片云的峰值密度在解体物体轨道高度附近,并在大气阻力作用下向更大高度区间内扩散;较低高度区间内碎片密度具有先增加,然后在大气阻力作用下不断减少的特点。
[Abstract]:Space debris cloud is composed of a large number of space debris generated by the disintegration of space objects. Because of its relatively concentrated distribution in a limited space, it will cause a great threat of collision to nearby spacecraft. In order to analyze the long-term distribution characteristics of debris clouds, the short-term distribution of space debris clouds is studied by numerical integration method, and based on this, the debris clouds in annular distribution are studied. According to the orbital height and the surface mass ratio of the debris, the debris is divided into different groups. Taking each group as the research object, an analytical evolution model describing the debris cloud under atmospheric drag is established. The model avoids the integration of the motion state of a single fragment and greatly reduces the need for computing resources and time. Considering objects orbiting at an altitude of 1 422km, a total of 1 780 fragments were generated by disintegration, and the evolution distribution of debris cloud in the next 50 years was obtained by using analytical evolution model. The numerical results show that the peak density of debris cloud diffuses to the higher altitude region under the action of atmospheric drag near the orbital height of the disintegrated object, and the debris density increases first in the lower altitude region. Then under the action of atmospheric resistance, the characteristics of decreasing.
【作者单位】：国防科技大学航天科学与工程学院;清华大学航天航空学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(11572168)
【分类号】：V528

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