典型分离螺母降冲击设计方法和性能分析研究

发布时间：2019-04-01 18:31

【摘要】：分离螺母装置是一种典型的点式火工分离装置,具有无污染,安装方便,需要的解锁压力较小等特点,十分适合用于航天级间分离、有效载荷分离等。此外随着近年来,我国航天工程的迅猛发展,精密仪器在运载火箭上的应用种类、数量越来越多,这些高精密的仪器设备对低冲击环境要求越来越苛刻。减少分离装置动作对于航天飞行器分离过程中带来的附加冲击及冲量,可以有效提高精密仪器使用寿命,提高使用可靠性,对飞行器整体技术发展具有重要的战略意义。为了进一步降低分离螺母装置冲击,本文结合工程应用实际,首先从分离螺母装置基本结构及工作原理入手,对分离螺母装置进行解构分析,确定了分离螺母装置冲击来源,针对分离螺母装置分离冲击源,本文提出了相应的降冲击方案,随后本文从试验及仿真分析入手,将试验结果与仿真分析结果对比,验证了降冲击方案的可行性,并获得了不同材料强度对分离冲击的影响情况。本文的主要研究方法及研究内容如下:(1)提出了一种分离螺母装置降冲击设计方案,并通过对比分析,完成了方案比较,材料选取,获得了一种性能优越的降冲击缓冲材料。(2)通过试验研究获得了铝蜂窝材料在准静态和动态压缩载荷下的宏观变形过程,确定了铝蜂窝应用于低冲击分离装置进行降冲击设计是可行的;获得了铝蜂窝结构参数设计要点;验证了铝蜂窝材料可以显著地降低冲击载荷谱各频率段的冲击值;(3)通过仿真分析获取了有效的铝蜂窝力学参数,考察了不同强度的铝蜂窝材料对减冲击的贡献;将仿真分析与试验结果对比进行验证,表明各部件的运动结果与试验结果定量吻合,冲击谱特征与试验测定结果定性吻合。
[Abstract]:The separation nut device is a typical ignition separation device, which has the characteristics of no pollution, easy installation, low unlocking pressure and so on. It is very suitable for spaceflight separation between stages, payload separation and so on. In addition, with the rapid development of space engineering in China in recent years, more and more kinds of precision instruments are used in carrier rockets. These high precision instruments require more and more demanding low impact environments. Reducing the additional shock and impulse caused by the separation of spaceflight vehicles can effectively improve the service life and reliability of precision instruments. It is of great strategic significance for the development of aircraft technology as a whole. In order to further reduce the impact of the separation nut device, this paper, combined with the engineering application practice, first started with the basic structure and working principle of the separation nut device, analyzed the separation nut device by deconstruction, and determined the impact source of the separation nut device. Aiming at separating the shock source from the separation nut device, this paper puts forward the corresponding scheme of reducing impact. Then, starting with the test and simulation analysis, this paper compares the test results with the simulation analysis results, and verifies the feasibility of the impact reduction scheme. The influence of different material strength on separation impact was also obtained. The main research methods and contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A design scheme of separating nut device for reducing impact is proposed, and through comparison and analysis, the scheme comparison and material selection are completed. An excellent impact-reducing buffering material was obtained. (2) the macro-deformation process of aluminum honeycomb materials under quasi-static and dynamic compression loads was obtained by experimental study. It is proved that it is feasible to use aluminum honeycomb in the design of low impact separation device. The design essentials of structural parameters of aluminum honeycomb are obtained, and it is verified that aluminum honeycomb material can significantly reduce the impact value of each frequency range of impact load spectrum. (3) the effective mechanical parameters of aluminum honeycomb were obtained by simulation analysis, and the contribution of aluminum honeycomb materials with different strength to the reduction of impact was investigated. By comparing the simulation analysis with the test results, it is shown that the motion results of each component are in good agreement with the test results, and the characteristics of the impact spectrum are qualitatively consistent with the test results.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V444

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