环境政策效益评估中的嵌入效应——以北京市雾霾和沙尘治理政策为例

发布时间：2018-02-20 16:04

本文关键词： 环境政策嵌入效应空气质量选择实验价值评估　出处：《中国工业经济》2016年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：嵌入效应会显著地影响经济学家对环境政策的成本效益分析,但目前国内鲜有研究在评估环境政策效益时对嵌入效应进行识别和讨论。本文首先在一个扩展的健康生产函数基础上分析了环境政策之间存在嵌入效应的原因,进而以北京市雾霾和沙尘治理政策为例,设计了三个选择实验组来验证嵌入效应。随后,本文采用随机参数Logit模型对各组样本进行了估计,污染物边际价值在组间的显著差异证实了嵌入效应的存在。如果忽略嵌入效应,降低雾霾和沙尘的平均边际价值分别会被高估36.87%和67.62%。在模型中控制调查对象的偏好异质性以后,高估程度有所下降,但嵌入效应仍不能完全消除。本文的研究结论意味着政策制定者和研究者在评估环境政策的效益之前,需要谨慎地处理嵌入效应,虽然不同的环境政策可能在技术目标上指向相互独立的不同污染物,但污染物之间的价值相关性仍然会导致嵌入效应,进而影响评估结果。
[Abstract]:The embedding effect has a significant impact on the cost-benefit analysis of environmental policy by economists. However, there are few studies in China to identify and discuss the embedding effect in the evaluation of environmental policy effectiveness. Firstly, on the basis of an extended health production function, this paper analyzes the reasons for the embedded effect between environmental policies. Then, taking Beijing haze and dust control policy as an example, three selected experimental groups were designed to verify the embedding effect. Then, the random parameter Logit model was used to estimate the samples of each group. The significant difference in marginal value of pollutants between groups confirmed the existence of embedding effect. If the embedding effect was ignored, the average marginal value of haze and dust would be overestimated by 36.87% and 67.62 respectively. Although the degree of overestimation has decreased, the embedding effect cannot be completely eliminated. The conclusion of this paper means that policy makers and researchers need to deal with the embedding effect carefully before assessing the benefits of environmental policy. Although different environmental policies may point to different pollutants independently of each other in terms of technical objectives, the value correlation among pollutants will still lead to embedding effects, which in turn will affect the assessment results.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院农村发展研究所;中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;
【分类号】：F124.5

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