特种丙烯酸酯类废水的回收再利用

发布时间：2018-03-02 11:30

本文选题：废水　切入点：自由基聚合　出处：《东华大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：21世纪以来,我国特种丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)的研发与工业化进程发展十分迅速,各类特种丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)已在紫外光固化涂料、油墨、絮凝剂、造纸、光电新产品等多方面得到应用,但丙烯酸酯市场的蓬勃发展也给环境带来了许多挑战。该种负面影响的出现是由于在特种丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)生产过程中会产生大量的并且具有很高浓度有机废液,该废液一般含有丙烯酸(acrylic acid)、丙烯酸钠、多元醇丙烯酸酯、多羟基丙烯酸酯以及部分芳香族化合和悬浮物,其化学需(COD)很高,属于高浓度有机废水。此外,这类废液还通常具有(1)废水总量大。以紫外光固化剂为例,目前,国内的产量已经达到大约15万吨/年。(2)废水可利用成分多。由于合成工艺的需要,特种丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)废水中含有更多的丙烯酸(acrylic acid)、丙烯酸钠等活性物。(3)水质波动较大。丙烯酸酯类的生产废水依据生产工艺的不同分为酸性废水(p H值约为2~3)和碱性废水(pH值约为9~10),但以酸性废水居多。目前,虽然国内外对于该类废水处理方法有直接焚烧法、催化湿式氧化法以及生物法等三种,但却以直接燃烧法为主。由于废水不能直接燃烧,需要添加重油助燃,因而运行成本较高,此外如果处理不恰当或气温较高时,废液将会自动爆聚,产生大量固废,进一步加重企业负担,与此同时废水中所含的许多宝贵资源也被燃烧掉,造成巨大浪费。本课题以江苏某化工厂提供的已经经过预处理的特种丙烯酸酯(specialacrylates)类废水作为研究样本(如无特别说明简称废水),在充分了解废水特点的基础上,主要研究如何通过适当的化学方法将特种丙烯酸酯(specialacrylates)废水中的主要活性物丙烯酸(acrylicacid)、丙烯酸钠制备成棉用活性染料防沾色剂,以求在解决特种丙烯酸酯(specialacrylates)废水排放问题的同时将其中的宝贵资源利用起来,具体来说分为三个部分:第一部分是用适当的方法检测废水预处理液的主要理化指标;第二部分是以丙烯酸(acrylicacid)、马来酸酐(maleicanhydride)为原料,以自由基聚合为理论指导,在废水体系中合成丙烯酸马来酸酐共聚物;第三部分是对制备的共聚物进行防沾色性能测试并检测聚合工艺的普遍性。第一部分分别采用离子色谱法、分光光度计法、火焰原子吸收光谱法对废水中的丙烯酸(acrylicacid)含量、阻聚剂对羟基苯甲醚(mehq)含量、钠、钙、镁、铁离子含量进行检测。得到了废水中丙烯酸(acrylicacid),阻聚剂对羟基苯甲醚,铁离子、钙离子、镁离子、铜离子的检测范围。第二部分分别探讨了单体比例、引发剂用量、反应温度以及反应时间对共聚物分子量、螯合性、分散性、防沾色能力以及浮色洗除力的影响。确定的最佳聚合工艺。第三部分对制得的防沾色剂db进行了大量防沾色性能测试,着重检测了聚合工艺的可靠性。结果为经防沾色剂DB处理过的织物的K/S值与空白试样相比降低幅度可达50%,对活性大红、活性翠兰等沾色情况十分严重的染料也有良好的防沾色能力,稳定性较好。此外,防沾色剂DB还具有较佳的浮色洗除力,能够提升染色织物的摩擦色牢度。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, China's special acrylic (Special acrylates) R & D and industrialization development is very rapid, all kinds of special acrylic (Special acrylates) in UV curable coatings, ink, paper, should use flocculant, photoelectric new products and other aspects, but also to the vigorous development of acrylic market environment has brought many challenges. The negative effect is due to the special acrylic (Special acrylates) in the production process will produce a large and high concentration organic wastewater, the wastewater containing acrylic acid general (acrylic acid), sodium acrylate, acrylic polyol, hydroxyl acrylate and partially aromatic compounds and suspended solids, the chemical required (COD) is very high, belongs to the high concentration organic wastewater. In addition, this kind of waste is usually has (1) a large amount of wastewater by ultraviolet curing agent. For example, at present, the domestic production of The amount has reached about 150 thousand tons per year. (2) the waste water can be used. Due to the composition of the synthesis process, special acrylate (Special acrylates) in the wastewater containing more acid (acrylic acid), sodium acrylate and other active material. (3) water quality fluctuations. According to the production process of acrylic wastewater of different acidic wastewater (P H value is about 2~3 (pH) and alkaline waste water is about 9~10), but the acidic wastewater mostly. At present, although the domestic and foreign direct incineration method for treating this kind of wastewater, catalytic wet oxidation method and biological method of three, but with the direct combustion method mainly due to. The direct combustion of waste water can not, you need to add heavy oil combustion, so the running cost is high, moreover if not handled properly or the air temperature is high, the waste will be automatically implosion, resulting in a large number of solid waste, to further increase the burden on enterprises, at the same time the wastewater contained in the A lot of valuable resources to be burned, causing a huge waste. The project of a chemical plant in Jiangsu has provided after the pretreatment of special acrylate (specialacrylates) wastewater as the research sample (such as no special instructions, referred to as wastewater) based on the full understanding of wastewater characteristics, mainly study how the chemical methods appropriate to the special acrylate (specialacrylates) the main active substances in the wastewater of acrylic acid (acrylicacid), sodium acrylate was prepared with reactive dyes cotton anti staining agent, in order to solve the special acrylate (specialacrylates) wastewater discharge problems at the same time will use up valuable resources of them, specifically divided into three parts: the first part is the main physical and chemical index of wastewater pretreatment liquid detection with the appropriate method; the second part is based on acrylic acid (acrylicacid), maleic anhydride (maleicanhydride) as raw materials, with the self By radical polymerization theory in wastewater system synthesis of acrylic acid maleic anhydride copolymer; the third part is the general anti staining performance test and detection of polymerization of copolymers were prepared. The first part respectively by ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, acrylic acid by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in the wastewater (acrylicacid) content, polymerization agent of hydroxy phenyl ether (MEHQ) content, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron ion content were detected. The wastewater of acrylic acid (acrylicacid), inhibitor of hydroxyl benzene ether, iron ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, copper ion detection range. The second part discusses the monomer ratio, initiator dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time on the molecular weight of the copolymer, chelation, dispersion, anti staining ability and floating color wash effect in force. The optimum polymerization process is determined. The third part of the anti dip color prepared Agent DB made a lot of anti staining performance test, reliability were emphatically polymerization. The results of the anti staining agent DB treated fabric K/S value compared with the blank sample decreased up to 50%, the activity of the red, blue staining activity is very serious in the dye also has anti staining ability good, good stability. In addition, the anti staining agent DB has better floating color wash in addition, can improve the dyeing fabric color fastness to rubbing.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X783

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