亲水疏油功能膜的制备工艺优化及应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 02:34

本文选题：聚偏氟乙烯　切入点：相转化法制膜　出处：《苏州科技学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：膜分离技术以其分离效果好、能耗低、适用性强、易于放大等优点在水资源短缺、水污染严重的形势下得到了广泛的应用。但膜渗透通量低、抗污染性能差的特性常常成为制约膜技术进一步推广应用的瓶颈。因此,制备高通量、强抗污染的膜材料或膜产品已成为膜分离技术领域的重要科学问题之一。本课题以高分子聚合物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)与一种添加剂AP为原料,通过共混和溶液相转化法为手段,以制备一种具有高水通量、有较好抗污染性能及机械强度的平板膜产品并评估其性能。研究将从膜的后处理方法、铸膜液体系、添加剂体系和凝固浴体系四个方面着手,考察制膜过程中各影响因素对膜的表面性能,机械强度和水通量的影响,并分析了各种因素影响膜结构和性能的机制。研究结果表明,膜的各种制备因素对膜产品的性能有着极大和复杂的影响。通过制备条件的优化,膜的机械强度和水通量可得到很大的提高,抗污染性能得到改善。并且,我们在优化的制膜条件下制备了中空纤维膜,对其性能及应用于配制含油废水的处理的效果进行了考察。结果表明,与传统的亲水膜相比较,本研究制备的新型膜有更好的亲水性和疏油性,更大的水通量,同时具有良好的耐酸碱腐蚀性能。处理含油废水时初始通量基本达到传统亲水膜的3倍,通量衰减率小(仅为传统亲水膜的2/3)。在连续过滤90 min再对膜组件进行简单的物理清洗的试验中,膜的通量基本可恢复到其初始值,对油分的截留率达到98%以上。当进水中油含量为310-340 mg/L时,出水中油分含量低于10 mg/L,符合含油废水处理一级排放标准,出水可直接排放或回用。
[Abstract]:Membrane separation technology has been widely used in the situation of water shortage and serious water pollution due to its advantages of good separation effect, low energy consumption, strong applicability and easy amplification. The poor anti-fouling property often becomes the bottleneck restricting the further application of membrane technology. Therefore, the preparation of high throughput, Membrane materials or membrane products with strong resistance to pollution have become one of the most important scientific problems in the field of membrane separation technology. In this paper, the polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and an additive AP were used as raw materials, and the method of phase inversion by blending solution was used. In order to prepare a flat membrane product with high water flux, good antifouling property and mechanical strength, and evaluate its performance, the research will be carried out from four aspects: membrane reprocessing method, casting membrane liquid system, additive system and solidification bath system. The effects of various factors on the surface properties, mechanical strength and water flux of the membrane were investigated, and the mechanism of the influence of various factors on the structure and properties of the membrane was analyzed. By optimizing the preparation conditions, the mechanical strength and water flux of the membrane can be greatly improved, and the anti-fouling performance can be improved. The hollow fiber membrane was prepared under the optimized conditions of membrane preparation. The properties of hollow fiber membrane and its application in the treatment of oily wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the membrane was compared with the traditional hydrophilic membrane. The new membrane prepared in this paper has better hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, larger water flux, and good corrosion resistance to acid and alkali. The initial flux of the membrane is 3 times that of the traditional hydrophilic membrane in the treatment of oily wastewater. The flux attenuation rate is small (only 2 / 3 of the traditional hydrophilic membrane). In the experiment of continuous filtration for 90 min and simple physical cleaning of the membrane module, the flux of the membrane can be basically restored to its initial value. When the oil content in the influent is 310-340 mg/L, the oil content in the effluent is less than 10 mg / L, which meets the primary discharge standard for oily wastewater treatment, and the effluent can be discharged or reused directly.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

【相似文献】