基于土地利用的水府庙水库流域生态安全评价与生态调控研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 19:33

本文选题：土地利用　切入点：流域生态安全　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地利用变化是人类活动对生态系统作用的结果,直接体现了区域生态环境状况的改变,是当前全球变化领域的核心研究内容之一。流域生态安全是一种表征,体现流域生态系统的完整性和健康状况,主要由结构安全和功能安全两部分组成。流域生态安全的核心在于保持流域的可持续发展,在流域保护与管理决策中受到特别的关注。因此越来越多的国家意识到流域生态安全的重要性。水府庙水库流域地处湖南省腹地,湘江一级支流涟水中游。本文在流域生态系统结构的基础上从土地利用角度构建由陆域环境影响、水域生态健康状况、流域生态服务功能组成的生态安全评价体系,以水府庙水库流域为典型案例,利用层次分析法和综合指数法对水府庙水库流域进行生态安全评估。2000-2013年期间,林地被大幅度占用,草地、湿地、水体面积都有不同程度的减少。林地转化的主要土地利用类型是耕地,其次是耕地被占用较多,转化的主要土地利用类型是建设用地,另外草地和湿地也有一定的比重转向建设用地。评估结果表明:水府庙陆域环境社会经济存在的压力比较大,已经接近生态阈值,生态系统尚且稳定,但敏感性强;水域生态健康状况属于中等安全状态;水府庙水库流域生态服务功能目前属于较好的范畴。综合以陆域环境影响、水域生态健康状况、流域生态服务功能3个方面的评估基础进行基于土地利用的水府庙水库流域生态安全评估,流域综合安全等级处于三级,安全表征状态为“一般”。评估结果反映了评估阶段流域内土地利用不合理以及产生的污染负荷较大对水府庙水库流域生态安全造成一定的压力,水生态健康呈富营养化状态。栖息地遭到破坏,影响水府庙水库流域的生态服务功能。这些已成为威胁水府庙水库流域生态安全的隐患。针对以上存在的流域生态安全问题,本文提出了优化土地利用结构、控制面源污染以及建设和修复栖息地等生态调控措施,以期为流域生态安全评估技术方法以及生态调控方法提供探讨并为水府庙水库流域的保护与管理提供参考。
[Abstract]:Land use change is the result of human activities acting on ecosystem, which directly reflects the change of regional ecological environment and is one of the core research contents in the field of global change. The integrity and health of watershed ecosystem are mainly composed of structural safety and functional safety. The core of watershed ecological security is to maintain the sustainable development of watershed. More and more countries are aware of the importance of watershed ecological security. The Shuipumiao Reservoir basin is located in the hinterland of Hunan Province. Based on the structure of watershed ecosystem, this paper constructs an evaluation system of ecological security from the perspective of land use, which is composed of the impact of land environment, the condition of water ecological health, and the function of watershed ecological service. Taking Shuipumiao reservoir basin as a typical case, the ecological security assessment of Shuipumiao reservoir basin was carried out by using AHP and comprehensive index method. During the period of 2000-2013, woodland was occupied by a large margin, grassland, wetland, The main land use type of forest land conversion is cultivated land, followed by cultivated land occupied more, the main land use type of conversion is construction land. In addition, grassland and wetland also have a certain proportion to the construction land. The evaluation results show that the pressure of environment and economy in the land area of Shuifu Temple is relatively large, which is close to the ecological threshold, and the ecosystem is stable, but sensitive; The ecological health status of the water area belongs to the medium safe state, and the ecological service function of the Shuipumiao reservoir basin belongs to the better category at present. Based on the evaluation of three aspects of watershed ecological service function, the watershed ecological security assessment of Shuipumiao reservoir based on land use is carried out, and the comprehensive security level of the watershed is at three levels. The evaluation results show that the unreasonable land use in the watershed and the heavy pollution load in the evaluation stage have a certain pressure on the ecological security of the Shuipumiao reservoir basin. The ecological health of water is eutrophication. The habitat is destroyed, which affects the ecological service function of Shuipumiao reservoir basin. These have become a hidden danger to the ecological security of Shuipumiao reservoir basin. In this paper, ecological control measures such as optimizing land use structure, controlling non-point source pollution and constructing and restoring habitat are put forward. It is expected to provide a reference for the protection and management of Shuipumiao reservoir basin.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826;X524

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