城市道路网机动车排放预估研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 00:22

本文选题：机动车排放 + 排放模型　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市机动车数量的持续快速增长,导致路网日益拥堵,严重影响居民出行需求,同时,也产生了严重的环境污染问题。CO、HC、NO_x等机动车尾气污染物是造成光化学烟雾、雾霾等现象的重要因素。定量评估交通排放,可以为路网交通尾气污染评价、交通大气环境影响分析、交通法规制定等提供科学依据。而以往的尾气污染物排放量化研究大多从宏观层面研究路网机动车排放,无法反映车辆运行状态或者交通参数变化引起的排放变化,因此,对城市道路网微观层次排放预估方法进行研究,具有重大的理论意义和实用价值。本文在现有研究成果的基础上,分析和对比了国内外广泛使用的机动车排放模型及仿真模型计算原理及适用范围,选择了适合城市道路网的微观排放计算模型──MOVES模型和TSIS交通仿真模型作为排放评估和计算的研究工具。首先,在实际交通调查的基础上,选择清远市主城区典型局部路网为研究对象,以微观交通仿真软件TSIS对路网进行仿真建模,仿真输出CO、HC、NO_x等尾气排放量及交通量、平均速度等动态交通参数。同时,结合美国环保署开发的新一代排放模型MOVES,采用两种方法,即平均速度法和本地化的运行工况分布法,进行城市道路网机动车CO、HC、NO_x等污染物排放量计算。其中,MOVES排放计算中路段交通量和平均速度等交通数据来源于经标定后的TSIS仿真输出,实现了路网动态交通运行特征与先进排放模型的有机结合。然后,将TSIS仿真排放输出数据CO、HC、NO_x与MOVES两种方法测算数据进行对比分析。最后,本文还提出了在TSIS仿真法和MOVES模型计算法的基础上进行排放预测的方法,且根据预测方法对2016年排放进行了预测。排放计算及预测结果表明:对于小型路网,基于TSIS仿真输出平均速度的MOVES排放计算结果与基于运行工况分布的MOVES计算结果相近,误差约为1.2~7.9%;对于路网各路段上CO和HC排放量,MOVES排放模型与TSIS仿真计算结果误差小于10%,而NO_x误差为13.0~17.0%;在路网未饱和时,污染物排放与交通量有良好线性关系,TSIS仿真软件和MOVES模型都能用于机动车污染物排放预测。
[Abstract]:The sustained and rapid growth of the number of motor vehicles in urban areas leads to increasing congestion in the road network, which seriously affects the travel demand of residents. At the same time, it also produces serious environmental pollution problems, such as motor vehicle exhaust pollutants such as HCNOX, which cause photochemical smog. Haze and other important factors of phenomena. The quantitative assessment of traffic emissions can provide scientific basis for the assessment of road network traffic exhaust pollution, traffic atmospheric environment impact analysis, traffic regulations and so on. However, most of the previous studies on emission of exhaust gas pollutants from the macro level can not reflect the emission changes caused by the vehicle running state or the change of traffic parameters. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the micro level emission estimation method of urban road network. Based on the existing research results, this paper analyzes and compares the calculation principle and applicable range of vehicle emission model and simulation model which are widely used at home and abroad. The MOVES model and the TSIS traffic simulation model, which are suitable for the urban road network, are selected as the research tools for emission assessment and calculation. First of all, based on the actual traffic investigation, the typical local road network in Qingyuan City is selected as the research object, and the simulation model of the road network is built with the microscopic traffic simulation software TSIS, and the emission and traffic volume of exhaust gas such as COHCOHCOHCOHCONOX and the traffic volume are simulated and outputted. Dynamic traffic parameters such as average speed. At the same time, combined with MOVES, a new generation emission model developed by EPA, two methods, average speed method and localized operating condition distribution method, are used to calculate the emission of pollutants such as COHCOHCOHCON NOX in urban road networks. The traffic data, such as traffic volume and average speed, are derived from the calibrated TSIS simulation output, which realizes the organic combination of the dynamic traffic characteristics of road network and the advanced emission model. Then, the TSIS emulation emission output data are compared with the MOVES data. Finally, based on the TSIS simulation method and the MOVES model calculation method, the method of emission prediction is put forward, and the 2016 emission is predicted according to the prediction method. The results of emission calculation and prediction show that the calculated results of MOVES emissions based on the average output velocity of TSIS simulation are similar to those of MOVES based on the distribution of operating conditions for small road networks. The error is about 1.2% 7.9.The error between the emulation model of CO and HC emissions and TSIS simulation results is less than 10, but the error of NO_x is 13.00.When the road network is not saturated, the error of MOVES emission model is less than 10, and the error of NO_x is 13.00.When the road network is not saturated, There is a good linear relationship between pollutant emission and traffic volume. TSIS simulation software and MOVES model can be used for vehicle pollutant emission prediction.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.9;X734.2

【参考文献】