乳化液膜在1-萘酚废水中的应用及研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 01:03

本文选题：乳化液膜 + 超声　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人口的不断增加,原来越多的有机产物应用于人类的生活。如杀虫剂西维对不易防治的咀嚼口器害虫,如棉铃虫、棉红铃虫、棉铃象甲等药效显著而被广泛应用。而含有该类原料的污水如果不经过处理直接排放,不仅导致水体环境恶化,给水生生物带来毁灭性灾难,对人类也会带来无法估量的伤害。乳化液膜技术因其高效、经济、易操作等优点,被广泛应用于污水的处理及金属离子的富集回收等方面。本文以1-萘酚为模拟污染物,采用乳化液膜分离技术对1-萘酚模拟废水进行处理。论文研究的主要内容及结果如下：(1)采用磁力搅拌与超声相结合的方式制备稳定的乳化液。考察了搅拌速度、超声时间、油相种类(环己烷、煤油、正庚烷、甲苯、对二甲苯)、内水相种类(Na2CO3、Na3PO4、NaOH)等因素对1-萘酚去除率及乳化液稳定性的影响。结果表明：磁力搅拌速度最低为720 rpm,超声时间为5 min,环己烷为油相,NaOH溶液为内水相时制备的乳化液较稳定,对1-萘酚去除率最高可达97.99%,在35 min时泄漏率仅为1.43%。(2)利用冷热台偏光显微镜对制备的乳化液液滴进行观察,发现利用超声与搅拌相结合制备的乳化液液滴直径几乎都在10μm以下,达到稳定乳液的标准。(3)利用环己烷为油相,NaOH为内水相、Span 80为表面活性剂、液体石蜡为膜稳定剂制备乳化液。单因素条件下考察油内比、内水相质量分数、外水相pH、传质搅拌时间及水乳比大小等因素对1-萘酚去除率及乳化液稳定性的影响。结果表明,以环己烷-Span 80-NaOH体系形成的乳化液,优化的最佳实验条件是：油内比为0.5,NaOH质量分数为2%,外水相pH不调,传质搅拌时间15 min,水乳比为5时1-萘酚去除率可以高达97.99%,在35 min时泄漏率仅为1.43%。(4)分别采用离心、加热、超声辐射、超声后沉降、加入正丁醇等方法在1-萘酚传质结束后,将分离出来的乳化液进行破乳,考察最佳的破乳方法。将最佳破乳方法破乳后收集到的油相重新制乳,处理1-萘酚模拟废水,考察油相重复利用。结果表明：最佳的破乳方法是离心分离15 min,此时的破乳率达到67.36%;油相重复使用时制备的乳化液对1-萘酚的去除率为91.45%,在35 min时乳液的泄漏率达到4.05%高于初试油相制备的乳化液在35 min时的泄漏率1.43%。(5)为了消除Span 80做表面活性剂时出现的溶胀现象,采用亲水性表面活性剂与Span80进行复配。实验中分别用Tween 20、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和Tween 80与Span 80复配,制备的乳化液应用于1-萘酚模拟废水,得出最佳的复配剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与Span 80进行复配。复配HLB值为5.5、内水相NaOH质量分数2%、油内比1、水乳比为5时,1-萘酚的去除率达到96.75%。(6)单因素优化实验和正交试验研究了Span 80与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配的HLB值、内水相NaOH的质量分数、油内比及水乳比对1-萘酚去除率的影响因素的主次顺序及实验的优化条件。单因素优化的实验结果是：十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与Span 80复配的HLB值为5.5,NaOH质量分数2%,油内比为1,水乳比为5,此时1-萘酚的去除率达到96.75%。正交实验的最佳实验结果：HLB值为5.5、内水相NaOH的质量分数3%、油内比0.5及水乳比为3时1-萘酚的去除率可达98.05%。
[Abstract]:In this paper , 1 - naphthol is used as an analog pollutant . The results are as follows : ( 1 ) The water environment deteriorates , the ultrasonic time is 5 min , cyclohexane is the oil phase , the internal water phase type ( Na2CO3 , Na3PO4 , NaOH ) is used for the treatment of 1 - naphthol and the stability of the emulsion . The optimum conditions for the removal of 1 - naphthol and the stability of emulsion were studied by means of centrifugal , heating , ultrasonic radiation , post - ultrasonic settling and adding n - butanol . The results showed that the optimal conditions were : centrifugal separation , heating , ultrasonic radiation , pH of external water phase , mass transfer stirring time and water emulsion ratio . ( 5 ) In order to eliminate swelling phenomenon of Span 80 as surface active agent , hydrophilic surfactant and Span 80 were compounded . The results of single factor optimization were as follows : HLB value of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate ( SDBS ) and Span 80 were 5 . 5 , 2 % NaOH , 1 - naphthol ratio , 1 - naphthol ratio of 5 , 1 - naphthol removal rate reached 96.75 % . The optimum experimental results were as follows : HLB value was 5.5 , the mass fraction of internal water phase NaOH was 3 % , the ratio of oil to water was 0.5 and the ratio of water to milk was 3 , the removal rate of 1 - naphthol was 98.05 % .

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703.1

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