高浓度餐厨垃圾渗滤液的处理研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 08:27

本文选题：餐厨垃圾渗滤液 + 高铁酸钾　；参考：《吉首大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：餐厨垃圾渗滤液组成复杂,具有有机物浓度高、无机盐含量丰富、氨氮浓度高、各种微量元素含量丰富等特点,如不及时有效处理,将造成极大的环境危害。本文通过采用从吉首大学某学生食堂收集的餐厨垃圾,经厌氧发酵产生高浓度的餐厨垃圾渗滤液,研究餐厨垃圾渗滤液基本特性随发酵时间的变化规律,采用高铁酸钾处理和微生物燃料电池处理两种方法研究了其对餐厨垃圾渗滤液的处理效果,得到了如下结果:(1)以吉首大学某学生食堂的餐厨垃圾为原料,通过8周厌氧发酵形成了COD浓度和NH4+-N浓度分别高达140.6 g/L和16.2 g/L的高浓度的餐厨垃圾渗滤液;(2)采用超声辅助化学合成法快速制备了纯度高达98.3%、产率达到68.2%的K2Fe O4。以K2Fe O4为水处理剂,对初始COD浓度为140.6 g/L的餐厨垃圾渗滤液进行处理,在单因素实验的基础上采用正交实验得到了最佳的工艺条件:K2Fe O4投加量为0.12 mol/L、p H为8.7、处理时间为24min。在此条件下,COD和NH4+-N的平均去除率分别达到80.4%和75.9%。并对K2Fe O4去除餐厨垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物和NH4+-N的机理进行了初步探讨。认为K2Fe O4对餐厨垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物和NH4+-N的去除都是由K2Fe O4的强氧化作用和新生成的絮状结构Fe(OH)3絮凝作用协同作用的结果。(3)分离筛选出一株电化学活性较好的产电菌F026。该产电菌属于Pseudomonas属,适宜生长温度范围为20-40oC,最适宜生长温度为30-35oC;生长p H范围为5-9,最适p H生长范围为8-9,适合作为微生物燃料电池的高效产电菌。(4)研究了底物种类和浓度对以F026为阳极产电菌的MFC的产电性能的影响。在同样的条件下,白糊精为底物的MFC内阻小、启动快、输出电压和功率密度较小,而可溶性为底物的MFC内阻大、启动慢、输出电压和功率密度大。浓度低于6g/L时,可溶性淀粉为底物的MFC达到稳定开路电压的时间随浓度增大而增加;浓度低于8g/L时,白糊精为底物的MFC达到稳定开路电压的时间随浓度增大而增加。但由于底物抑制效应,浓度较高时,随着底物浓度的增加,MFC达到稳定开路电压所需的时间反而减少。两种底物对MFC产电性能的差别可能与二者的分子结构有关。(5)以高锰酸钾溶液为MFC的阴极液、餐厨垃圾渗滤液为MFC的阳极液、F026为MFC的阳极产电菌,研究了MFC的产电性能和对餐厨垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除效果。实验发现,当餐厨垃圾渗滤液的COD初始浓度为50.0 g/L时,MFC的最大开路电压达到1.14V。在外负载为105Ω时,MFC的电流密度、功率密度、库仑效率和COD去除率分别达到69.63A/m3、16.42W/m3、58.7%和92.3%。研究表明,利用MFC处理餐厨垃圾渗滤液并产生生物电具有一定的可行性。
[Abstract]:The landfill leachate of food and kitchen has the characteristics of complex composition, high concentration of organic matter, rich inorganic salt, high concentration of ammonia and nitrogen, rich contents of various trace elements, and so on. If the leachate is not disposed in time and effectively, it will cause great environmental harm. In this paper, a high concentration of leachate was produced by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen garbage collected from a student canteen of Jishou University, and the basic characteristics of the leachate changed with fermentation time. The effect of potassium ferrate treatment and microbial fuel cell treatment on the leachate of kitchen garbage was studied. The results are as follows: 1) the cooking waste from a student canteen in Jishou University is used as raw material. After 8 weeks anaerobic fermentation, a high concentration of 140.6 g / L COD and 16.2g / L NH _ 4-N was obtained. The purity of K _ 2FE _ 2O _ 4 was up to 98.3% by ultrasonic assisted chemical synthesis. The yield of K2FeO _ 4 was 68.2%. Using K _ 2FE _ O _ 4 as water treatment agent, the leachate containing 140.6 g / L initial COD was treated. On the basis of single factor experiment, orthogonal experiment was used to obtain the optimum technological conditions: the dosage of 0.12 mol / L 路L ~ (-1) H was 8.7 and the treatment time was 24 min. Under these conditions, the average removal rates of COD and NH4-N reached 80.4% and 75.9% respectively. The mechanism of K2FeO4 removal of organic pollutants and NH4-N from the leachate of kitchen garbage was also discussed. It is considered that the removal of organic pollutants and NH _ 4-N by K _ 2FE _ O _ 4 in the landfill leachate is due to the strong oxidation of K _ 2FE _ O _ 4 and the synergistic effect of the newly formed flocculating structure Feo _ (OH) _ (3) on the separation and screening of an electric-producing strain F026 with good electrochemical activity. The electricity-producing bacteria belong to Pseudomonas, The optimum growth temperature range is 20-40oC, the optimum growth temperature is 30-35oC, the growth pH range is 5-9, and the optimal pH growth range is 8-9. The effect of MFC on the electrical properties of the most electrically producing bacteria. Under the same conditions, the MFC with white dextrin as substrate has small internal resistance, fast starting, low output voltage and power density, while the soluble substrate has large internal resistance, slow starting, and high output voltage and power density. When the concentration was lower than 6 g / L, the time of reaching stable open circuit voltage of MFC with soluble starch as substrate increased with the increase of concentration, and when the concentration was lower than 8 g / L, the time of reaching stable open circuit voltage of MFC with white dextrin as substrate increased with the increase of concentration. However, with the increase of substrate concentration, the time required for MFC to stabilize the open circuit voltage decreases with the increase of substrate concentration due to the substrate inhibition effect. The difference between the two kinds of substrates on the electric properties of MFC may be related to their molecular structure.) the cathode solution of MFC is potassium permanganate solution, and the anodic solution F026 is the anode solution of MFC, and the anodic solution F026 of cooking waste leachate is the anode producing bacteria of MFC. The electric performance of MFC and the removal effect of COD in the leachate of kitchen garbage were studied. It was found that the maximum open circuit voltage of MFC was 1.14V when the initial COD concentration of the landfill leachate was 50.0 g / L. When the load is 105 惟, the current density, power density, Coulomb efficiency and COD removal rate of MFC reach to 58.7% and 92.3% respectively. The results show that it is feasible to use MFC to treat the leachate and produce bioelectricity.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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