上海市主要景观水体浮游植物群落特征及水质评价

发布时间：2018-06-18 15:17

本文选题：上海市景观水体 + 浮游植物　；参考：《上海师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着上海景观水体面积的不断增多,经济发展和生活水平的不断提高,人们对于居住环境的要求也越来越高,景观水体的水质状况也越来越成为人们关心和重视的对象。浮游植物对其周围的环境污染非常敏感,它的群落特征可客观反映出水质状况的好坏,是水域生态系统中一项重要的指示生物。本研究选取上海市31处公园及景观水体,于2014年分4个季度对其浮游植物(蓝藻门、金藻门、黄藻门、隐藻门、甲藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门、裸藻门和绿藻门)群落进行调查研究,分析浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系,并对上海景观水体的水质状况进行综合评价。得到主要结果如下:1.此次调查共鉴定浮游植物206种,隶属于7门72属,其中绿藻门种类数最丰富为40属100种,其次为硅藻门21属42种,蓝藻门16属25种,裸藻门6属20种,金藻门6属10种,隐藻门2属6种,黄藻门2属3种。由图3-1可见,浮游植物中绿藻门种类数最多,占浮游植物总种类数的47%,黄藻门最少,仅占总种类数的1%。浮游植物种类数的四季差异明显,为夏季春季秋季冬季。2.上海景观水体浮游植物数量生物量年平均值在各水体间的变动范围为162~31988万个/L,其中蓝藻门所占浮游植物数量生物量的比重最大;各水体的年均数量生物量的季节变化差异明显。浮游植物重量生物量年平均值的平面变动范围为1.08~67.79 mg/L,各水体浮游植物的年均重量生物量季节变化差异明显。3.上海景观水体浮游植物优势种分别为蓝藻门的微囊藻(Microcystis spp.)、细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)、伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.),金藻门的色金藻(Chromulina sp.)、黄群藻(Synura uvella),隐藻门的尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa),硅藻门的梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、,绿藻门的单角盘星藻(Pediastrum simplex)、四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)。四个季度的优势种有所不同。但大部分的浮游植物优势种均指示水体为中污染水体。4.通过Pearson相关性分析得出,水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)与浮游植物各指标呈现显著或极显著的相关性。同时为了探究景观水体污染和富营养化程度对浮游植物的综合影响,利用COD、TN、TP指标进行聚类分析,将所调查的31个水体划分为四类。发现随着水体污染和富营养化程度的增加,浮游植物的生物量也有明显增加的趋势,与景观水体水质特征关系密切。5.上海景观水体浮游植物Shannon-Wiener指数(H')年平均值在各水体间的变动范围为3.52~4.76,Margalef指数(D)变动范围为16.90~19.24,均匀度指数(J)变动范围为0.27~0.42;Shannon-Wiener指数(H')的季节变化为,春季冬季秋季夏季,Margalef指数(D)的季节变化为,夏季冬季春季秋季。均匀度指数(J)的四季变化为,冬季春季秋季夏季。利用理化指标、优势种、多样性指数评价方法分别对上海市景观水体的污染状况和富营养化程度进行评价。根据Shannon-Wiener指数评价上海市景观水体基本处于轻污染至重污染状态。根据Margalef指数评价上海景观水体为清洁-重污染状态。根据Pielou均匀度指数评价上海市景观水体基本处于中污染至重污染状态。按照各指数评价水体的结果不完全一致,但综合来说上海景观水体基本处于中污-重污染状态。
[Abstract]:With the increasing area of the landscape water in Shanghai and the increasing economic development and living standard, the demand for the living environment is becoming more and more high. The water quality of the landscape water is becoming more and more concerned about. The phytoplankton is very sensitive to the environmental pollution around it, and the characteristics of its community can be reflected objectively. The quality of water quality is an important indicator in water ecosystem. In this study, 31 parks and landscape water bodies in Shanghai were selected to investigate the phytoplankton community (Cyanobacteria gate, alga gate, alga gate, alga gate, algae gate, alga gate, green algae gate, diatom gate, naked algae gate and green algae gate) in 2014 and 4 quarters. The relationship between the plant community structure and environmental factors, and the comprehensive evaluation of the water quality of Shanghai landscape water. The main results are as follows: 1. this survey has identified 206 species of phytoplankton, belonging to 7 gates and 72 genera, among which there are 100 species of green algae, followed by 42 species of diatom gate 21, 25 of cyanobacteria and 6 genera of naked algae gate. There are 6 genera and 10 species of golden algae, 6 species of cryptoalgae gate and 3 species of 2 genus of yellow algae gate. It is seen from Figure 3-1 that the number of green algae gate in phytoplankton is the most, accounting for 47% of the total phytoplankton species number, the yellow algae gate is the least, and the number of 1%. phytoplankton species in the total species number is distinct, which is the phytoplankton number of.2. Shanghai landscape in autumn and winter in summer and winter. The annual mean value of biomass in each water body is 162~31988 ten thousand /L, of which the proportion of phytoplankton biomass is the largest, and the seasonal variation of the annual average biomass of each water body is distinct. The range of the annual average value of phytoplankton weight is 1.08~67.79 mg/L, and the phytoplankton in various water bodies The seasonal variation of the annual average weight of biomass was obvious in.3. Shanghai landscape water phytoplankton species, Microcystis spp., Merismopedia minima (Merismopedia minima), pseudo-anabaena (Pseudanabaena sp.), gold algae (Chromulina sp.) of golden algae gate, Huang Qunzao (Synura uvella), and saphenous cyanobacteria of cryptoalgae gate (Synura uvella). Chroomonas acuta), rodent cryptoalgae (Cryptomonas erosa), microalgae (Cyclotella meneghiniana) of diatom gate, the single algal alga (Pediastrum simplex) and four algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda) of green algae gate. The dominant species in the four quarter were different, but most of the phytoplankton dominant species indicated that the water body was a medium polluted water body. Through Pearson correlation analysis, water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and phytoplankton have significant or extremely significant correlation. In order to explore the comprehensive effects of landscape water pollution and eutrophication on phytoplankton, cluster analysis using COD, TN, TP indexes will be used. The 31 waters of the survey were divided into four types. It was found that with the increase of water pollution and eutrophication, the biomass of phytoplankton increased significantly, which was closely related to the water quality characteristics of the landscape water body. The average annual average of the Shannon-Wiener index of phytoplankton (H') in Shanghai landscape water was 3.52~4.76, Marga The variation range of lef index (D) is 16.90~19.24, the variation range of the evenness index (J) is 0.27~0.42, and the seasonal variation of Shannon-Wiener index (H') is the seasonal variation of Margalef index (D) in spring, winter, autumn and summer, spring and autumn in summer and winter. The seasonal variation of the evenness index (J) is in winter and spring and autumn and summer. The evaluation method of species and diversity index on the pollution and eutrophication of Shanghai landscape water respectively. According to the Shannon-Wiener index, the landscape water in Shanghai is basically in the state of light pollution to heavy pollution. According to the Margalef index, the landscape water in Shanghai is a clean and heavy pollution state. According to the uniformity of Pielou, the water body is evaluated. The evaluation of Shanghai landscape water is basically in the state of medium pollution to heavy pollution. The results of evaluating water bodies according to the indexes are not completely consistent, but the landscape water body of Shanghai is basically in the state of medium pollution and heavy pollution.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q948.8;X824

【参考文献】