某居住小区地下车库自然通风条件下气体污染物特性研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 08:28

【摘要】：近年来,随着私人轿车保有量的快速增长以及居住小区高层住宅的大量兴建,地下车库正成为居住小区停车场的重要形式,其中的空气环境问题也引起了广泛的关注。本文选取哈尔滨市某小区地下车库作为典型车库,以现场测试为基础,对自然通风条件下CO、TVOC、HCHO及NH3等气体污染物特性进行研究。首先,本文对地下车库的通风量、温湿度等条件进行了测试,对出、入车流量进行了统计,并对其变化规律进行了分析总结。选取中心测点作为CO、TVOC、HCHO及NH3浓度变化的测点,五点法选取作为水平分布测点,对中心测点的0.3m、1.5m、2.5m高度进行垂直分布测试。其次,本文给出了污染物浓度的时空分布特性。讨论了污染物浓度在水平方向以及垂直方向上的分布特性,结果表明出车集中侧及排放侧污染物浓度高,而垂直方向上不存在分层现象。分析了不同污染物的日变化特性及周期间变化特性,论述了工作日与休息日日变化规律的周期间相似性,指出冬季工况下CO、TVOC超标严重。通过相关系数分析得到污染物间相关性的周期间变化,指出冬季工况下CO、TVOC及HCHO间线性拟合程度较高,并计算得到当CO浓度达到25ppm时,TVOC浓度已达到1.0ppm以上。采用偏相关系数法以及灰色关联度法,对各个周期以及全周期进行了影响因素分析,其中CO、TVOC、HCHO浓度变化最主要的影响因素为出车流量。最后,本文以通风稀释方程为基础,建立了污染物浓度计算模型,确定了模型的适用条件,给出了拟合参数的物理意义。提出换气次数需求的概念,说明所选典型车库自然通风能够满足CO浓度限值要求,并得到使CO浓度满足要求的自然通风控制策略。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid growth of private car ownership and the construction of a large number of high-rise residential buildings, underground garage is becoming an important form of residential parking area, among which the air environment problem has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the underground garage of a small district in Harbin is selected as the typical garage. Based on the field test, the characteristics of COTVOCU HCHO and NH3 under natural ventilation are studied. First of all, this paper tests the ventilation, temperature and humidity of underground garage, and makes statistics on the flow rate and analyzes the law of change. The center measuring point is chosen as the measuring point of HCHO and NH 3 concentration change of COTVOCU, and the five point method is selected as horizontal distribution point. The vertical distribution of the center measuring point is measured at a height of 0.3 m or 1.5 m ~ (2.5 m). Secondly, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of pollutant concentration are given. The distribution characteristics of pollutant concentration in horizontal and vertical directions are discussed. The results show that the concentration of pollutants in the concentrated side and discharge side of the vehicle is high, but there is no stratification in the vertical direction. This paper analyzes the diurnal variation characteristics of different pollutants and the variation characteristics during the week, discusses the similarity of the variation law between the weekday and the rest day, and points out that the COTV-OC exceeds the standard seriously under the winter working condition. The variation of correlation between pollutants during the week was obtained by correlation coefficient analysis. It was pointed out that the degree of linear fitting between COTOC and HCHO was higher under winter conditions, and it was calculated that when CO concentration reached 25ppm, the concentration of TOC was above 1.0ppm. The influence factors of each cycle and the whole period were analyzed by using the partial correlation coefficient method and the grey correlation degree method. The main influence factor of HCHO concentration change of COTVOCU was the traffic flow. Finally, based on the ventilation dilution equation, the model of pollutant concentration calculation is established, the applicable conditions of the model are determined, and the physical meaning of fitting parameters is given. The concept of air exchange times is put forward, which shows that the natural ventilation of the typical garage can meet the limit of CO concentration, and the natural ventilation control strategy is obtained to satisfy the requirement of CO concentration.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU962;X51

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