石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备与光电、吸附性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 01:49

【摘要】：近年来,石墨烯基纳米复合材料由于结合了石墨烯与纳米材料的特性而产生协同效应,在光电器件、透明电极、传感器、电容器、锂离子电池、催化等领域表现出诱人的应用前景,正日益受到研究者的关注。本论文制备了石墨烯/聚苯胺(PANI)复合薄膜、石墨烯/四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)、石墨烯/硫化镉(CdS)等高分子纳米复合材料,研究了复合材料的光电性能、吸附性能及光催化性能。具体研究内容如下:1.采用聚苯胺修饰还原氧化石墨烯-原位生成法制备了石墨烯/PANI/CdS复合薄膜,研究了材料的三阶非线性光学性能(NLO)。用红外(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重(TGA)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)等方法对材料进行了表征,用Z-扫描(Z-scan)测试了材料的三阶NLO性能。结果表明,石墨烯/PANI/CdS的三阶NLO吸收系数可达到-4.3 cm/GW分别高于石墨烯/PANI(-2.4 cm/GW)和PANI(-1.5cm/GW),表明石墨烯/PANI/CdS中存在协同效应。2.采用一步溶剂热法制备了石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合材料,并研究了其对水中甲基橙的吸附脱色性能。吸附动力学分析表明,吸附过程符合二级动力学模型,理论最大吸附能力为92.59 mg/g,循环使用5次后去除效率为初始效率的95%,材料耐久性良好。3.采用一步溶剂热法制备了石墨烯/CdS复合材料,研究了该材料光催化氧化甲基橙的性能。正交实验结果表明,反应温度对光催化性能影响较大。通过吸附动力学分析,发现石墨烯对甲基橙的吸附过程满足一级动力学模型。石墨烯/CdS对甲基橙的去除率高于纯硫化镉,说明石墨烯对CdS的光催化性能具有促进作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, graphene based nanocomposites have produced synergistic effects by combining the properties of graphene with nanomaterials, in optoelectronic devices, transparent electrodes, sensors, capacitors, lithium ion batteries, Catalysis and other fields show attractive application prospects, and are attracting more and more attention from researchers. In this paper, graphene / Polyaniline (pani) composite films, graphene / iron trioxide (Fe _ 3O _ 4), graphene / cadmium sulfide (CDs) nanocomposites were prepared. The photoelectric properties, adsorption properties and photocatalytic properties of the composites were studied. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. The graphene / PANI- / CDs composite thin films were prepared by Polyaniline modified reduced-graphene oxidation-in-situ method. The third-order nonlinear optical properties (NLO) of the films were investigated. The materials were characterized by FTIR X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TGA) and UV-Vis. The third-order NLO properties were measured by Z-scan. The results show that the third-order NLO absorption coefficient of graphene / pani / CDs is -4.3 cm / GW higher than that of graphene / pani (-2.4 cm / GW) and pani (-1.5 cm / GW) respectively. Graphene / Fe _ 3O _ 4 composites were prepared by one-step solvothermal method and their adsorption and decolorization properties for methyl orange in water were studied. The adsorption kinetics analysis shows that the adsorption process accords with the second-order kinetic model, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is 92.59 mg / g, the removal efficiency is 95% of the initial efficiency after 5 cycles, and the material durability is good. Graphene / CDs composites were prepared by one step solvothermal method. The photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange was studied. The results of orthogonal experiment show that the reaction temperature has a great effect on the photocatalytic performance. The adsorption kinetics of methyl orange by graphene was found to be in accordance with the first order kinetic model. The removal rate of methyl orange by graphene / CDs was higher than that of pure cadmium sulfide, which indicated that graphene could promote the photocatalytic activity of CDs.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33;X703

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