西安市东郊春季氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 15:21

【摘要】：随着现代城市高层建筑越来越多,人为活动范围逐渐上升到高层空间,研究近地面氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度变化显得日趋重要。开展城市地区氮氧化物与二氧化硫浓度的昼夜变化与垂向变化研究,对认识其变化规律具有重要科学意义,对控制该地区的大气污染也具有实际意义。本文于2014年4月和5月对西安东郊工业、商业、居民混合区70m高度范围内的氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度以及气象指标进行了6个昼夜的时间与空间高分辨率观测,利用相关分析等方法研究了西安市东郊氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度的昼夜变化规律、垂向分布以及气象因子对这两种污染物浓度变化的影响,得出了以下结论：(1)观测期间西安东郊4月和5月氮氧化物浓度昼夜变化均呈四个阶段的变化特点。4月氮氧化物平均浓度为0.075 mg/m3,变化范围为0.023-0.142mg/m3。第一阶段在0：00～6：00之间,平均浓度为0.066mg/m3,变化范围为0.036～0.111 mg/m3,浓度较低。第二阶段在8：00～12：00之间,平均浓度为0.091 mg/m3,变化范围为0.049～0.142 mg/m3,浓度最高。第三阶段在14：00～16：00之间,平均浓度为0.059mg/m3,变化范围为0.023～0.095 mg/m3,浓度最低。第四阶段在18：00～22：00之间,平均浓度为0.080 mg/m3,变化范围为0.044～0.127 mg/m3,浓度较高。5月氮氧化物平均浓度为0.072 mg/m3,变化范围为0.019～0.123 mg/m3。第一阶段在0：00～6：00之间,平均浓度为0.076 mg/m3,变化范围为0.047～0.109 mg/m3,浓度较低。第二阶段在8：00～12：00之间,平均浓度为0.083 mg/m3,变化范围为0.055～0.122 mg/m3,浓度最高。第三阶段在14：00～16：00之间,平均浓度为0.053mg/m3,变化范围为0.019～0.084 mg/m3,浓度最低。第四阶段在18：00～22：00之间,平均浓度为0.078mg/m3,变化范围为0.046～0.123 mg/m3,浓度较高。(2)西安东郊4月和5月二氧化硫浓度昼夜变化均呈现四个阶段的变化特点,4月二氧化硫平均浓度为0.034 mg/m3,变化范围为0.017～0.051 mg/m3。第一阶段在0：00～4：00之间,平均浓度为0.035 mg/m3,变化范围为0.021～0.051 mg/m3,浓度较高。第二阶段在6：00～12：00之间,平均浓度为0.036 mg/m3,变化范围为0.020～0.51mg/m3,浓度最高。第三阶段在14：00～18：00之间,平均浓度为0.029mg/m3,变化范围为0.017～0.041 mg/m3,浓度最低。第四阶段在20：00～22：00之间,平均浓度为0.032mg/m3,变化范围为0.020～0.045 mg/m3,浓度较低。5月二氧化硫平均浓度为0.031 mg/m3,变化范围为0.014～0.049 mg/m3。第一阶段在0：00～4：00之间,平均浓度为0.033 mg/m3,变化范围为0.017～0.045 mg/m3,浓度较高。第二阶段在6：00～12：00之间,平均浓度为0.035 mg/m3,变化范围为0.018～0.049 mg/m3,浓度最高。第三阶段在14：00～18：00之间,平均浓度为0.025mg/m3,变化范围为0.014～0.035 mgdm3,浓度最低。第四阶段在20：00～22：00之间,平均浓度为0.031 mg/m3,变化范围为0.019～0.046 mg/m3,浓度较低。夜间时段(20：00～次日6：00)氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度都高于白天时段(8：00～18：00)。上午时段(8：00～12：00)氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度都高于下午时段(14：00～18：00),而与夜间时段(20：00～次日6：00)相近。4月份氮氧化物和二氧化硫平均浓度水平均高于5月份,且变化幅度更大。(3)随着高度的增加,4月和5月氮氧化物浓度逐渐增大,氮氧化物浓度与高度变化呈正相关。根据氮氧化物浓度垂向变化,可分为0-19m、22-55m和58-70m三个层段。第一层段平均浓度为0.063 mg/m3,变化范围为0.028～0.113 mg/m3,浓度最低。第二层段平均浓度为0.077 mg/m3,变化范围为0.041-0.131 mg/m3,浓度最高。第三层段平均浓度为0.068 mg/m3,变化范围为0.034～0.105 mg/m3,浓度居中。随着高度的增加,4月和5月二氧化硫浓度逐渐增大,二氧化硫浓度与高度变化呈正相关。根据二氧化硫浓度垂向变化,可分为0-19m、22-49m和52-70m三个层段。第一层段平均浓度为0.025 mg/m3,变化范围为0.014～0.034 mg/m3,浓度最低。第二层段平均浓度为0.037 mg/m3,变化范围为0.022～0.054 mg/m3,浓度最高。第三层段平均浓度为0.032 mg/m3,变化范围为0.018～0.048 mg/m3,浓度居中。(4)西安市东郊4月氮氧化物浓度变化范围在0.023～0.142 mg/m3之间,氮氧化物一级超标率为8%。5月氮氧化物浓度变化范围在0.019-0.123 mg/m3之间,未有超标浓度出现。4月份二氧化硫浓度变化范围在0.017～0.051 mg/m3之间,5月份二氧化硫浓度变化范围在0.014～0.049 mg/m3之间,两个月均未有超标浓度出现。(5)西安东郊春季氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度与温度呈明显正相关,相关系数分别为0.83和0.67。西安东郊春季氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度与相对湿度呈明显负相关,相关系数分别为-0.75和-0.48。西安东郊春季氮氧化物和二氧化硫浓度与风速及气压均呈明显负相关。(6)氮氧化物和二氧化硫的日变化趋势一致,均呈下降后上升再下降后上升的趋势,且氮氧化物浓度水平总体高于二氧化硫,氮氧化物浓度变化幅度较大,二者呈正相关性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of high-rise buildings in modern cities and the gradual increase of human activities to high level space, it is becoming more and more important to study the change of the concentration of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide near the ground. It is also of practical significance to control atmospheric pollution in this area. In April 2014 and May, 6 day and night time and spatial high-resolution measurements were carried out on the concentration of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the 70m high range of the industrial, commercial and residential areas of the eastern suburb of Xi'an, and the correlation analysis and other methods were used to study the Xi'an city. The diurnal variation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the eastern suburb and the influence of the vertical distribution and the meteorological factors on the changes of the concentration of the two pollutants have been concluded as follows: (1) the diurnal changes of the nitrogen oxide concentration in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an in April and May were both in four stages, and the average concentration of nitrogen oxides was 0.075 mg in.4 months. /m3, the range of change is between the first stage of 0.023-0.142mg/m3. from 0:00 to 6:00, the average concentration is 0.066mg/m3, the range of change is 0.036 ~ 0.111 mg/m3, and the concentration is low. The average concentration is 0.091 mg/m3, the range is 0.049 ~ 0.142 mg/m3, the concentration is the highest. The third stage is between the third stages, The average concentration is 0.059mg/m3, the range of change is 0.023 ~ 0.095 mg/m3, the concentration is the lowest. The fourth stage is from 18:00 to 22:00, the average concentration is 0.080 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.044 ~ 0.127 mg/m3, the average concentration of nitrogen oxide is 0.072 mg/m3, and the range is from 0.019 to 0.123 mg/m3. in the first stage. The mean concentration is 0.076 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.047 ~ 0.109 mg/m3, the concentration is low. The second stage is from 8:00 to 12:00, the average concentration is 0.083 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.055 to 0.122 mg/m3, the concentration is the highest. The average concentration is 0.053mg/m3, the range is 0.019 to 0.084 mg/m3, the concentration is 0.019 to 0.084 mg/m3, the concentration is 0.019 to 0.084 mg/m3. The fourth stage was between 18:00 to 22:00, the average concentration was 0.078mg/m3, the range of change was 0.046 ~ 0.123 mg/m3, and the concentration was high. (2) the diurnal changes of SO2 concentration in April and May in the eastern suburb of Xi'an all showed the characteristics of four stages, the average concentration of sulfur dioxide in April was 0.034 mg/m3, the range of change was 0.017 to 0.051 mg/m3. first. From 0:00 to 4:00, the average concentration is 0.035 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.021 ~ 0.051 mg/m3 and the concentration is high. The average concentration is 0.036 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.020 ~ 0.51mg/m3, the concentration is the highest. The average concentration is 0.029mg/m3, and the range of change is 0.. The concentration of 017 ~ 0.041 mg/m3 is the lowest. The fourth stage is from 20:00 to 22:00, the average concentration is 0.032mg/m3, the range of change is 0.020 ~ 0.045 mg/m3, the average concentration of sulfur dioxide is 0.031 mg/m3, the range is 0.014 to 0.049 mg/m3., the average concentration is 0.033 mg/m3, and the range of change is 0.033 mg/m3. The concentration of 0.017 ~ 0.045 mg/m3 is high. The second stage is between 6:00 and 12:00, the average concentration is 0.035 mg/m3, the range is 0.018 ~ 0.049 mg/m3, the concentration is the highest. The average concentration is 0.025mg/m3, the range of change is 0.014 to 0.035 mgdm3, and the concentration is the lowest. Fourth phase is in the fourth phase The mean concentration was 0.031 mg/m3, the range of change was 0.019 ~ 0.046 mg/m3, the concentration was lower. The nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide concentration in the night period (20:00 to 6:00) were higher than those in the daytime period. The average concentration level of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the night period (20:00 to 6:00) was higher than that in May, and the change was greater. (3) the nitrogen oxide concentration in April and May increased gradually with the increase of height, and the concentration and height of nitrogen oxides changed Cheng Zhengxiang. According to the vertical change of nitrogen oxide concentration, it can be divided into 0-19m, 22-55m and 58-70m three layers. The average concentration of the first layer is 0.063 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.028 ~ 0.113 mg/m3, the concentration is the lowest. The average concentration of the second layer is 0.077 mg/m3, the range is 0.041-0.131 mg/m3, the concentration is the highest. The average concentration of the third layer is 0.068 mg/m3, the range is 0.034 to 0.105 mg/m3, and the concentration is middle. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height. With height The concentration of sulfur dioxide increased gradually in April and May, and the concentration of sulfur dioxide was positively correlated with the height change. According to the vertical change of sulfur dioxide concentration, it can be divided into three layers of 0-19m, 22-49m and 52-70m. The average concentration of the first layer is 0.025 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.014 ~ 0.034 mg/m3, the concentration is the lowest. The average concentration of the second layer is 0.037 m. G/m3, the range of change is 0.022 ~ 0.054 mg/m3, the concentration is the highest. The average concentration of third layer is 0.032 mg/m3, the range of change is 0.018 ~ 0.048 mg/m3, the concentration is in the middle. (4) the range of nitrogen oxide concentration in the eastern suburb of Xi'an in April is between 0.023 to 0.142 mg/m3, and the first order of nitrogen oxides is 8%.5 month nitrogen oxide concentration range in 0.019-0. Between 123 mg/m3, no superstandard concentration occurred between 0.017 and 0.051 mg/m3, the concentration of sulfur dioxide was between 0.017 and 0.051 mg/m3. In May, the range of sulfur dioxide concentration was between 0.014 and 0.049 mg/m3, and there was no excess concentration in two months. (5) the concentration of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the eastern suburb of Xi'an was positively correlated with the temperature. The concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, Xi'an, were negatively correlated with the relative humidity in spring, respectively. The correlation coefficients were -0.75 and -0.48. in the eastern suburb of Xi'an, respectively, and the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the eastern suburb of Xi'an were negatively correlated with the wind speed and pressure. (6) the diurnal variation trend of the nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide was the same. After the decline, the rising trend of the rise then decreased, and the level of the nitrogen oxide concentration was higher than that of the sulfur dioxide. The concentration of nitrogen oxides changed greatly, and the two had a positive correlation.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X511

【参考文献】