铅锌污染区四季植物调查评价与群落模式效应分析

发布时间：2018-08-20 17:03

【摘要】：本课题调查了某铅锌矿污染区土壤污染状况和本土植物种类耐受和积累重金属特性,分析了铅锌尾矿区生态修复工程植物模式的修复效应,监测了尾矿区生态拦截净化系统的处理效果。主要研究结果如下：(1)某铅锌尾矿区土壤养分贫瘠、Pb、Zn、Cd严重超标,并伴有其他重金属元素污染。尾矿区治理的重点是恢复植被与景观,降低土壤重金属含量和控制污染扩散。(2)研究采用植物重金属浓度C、积累量系数TQ和积累量U作为鉴别修复植物耐受和积累重金属性能的指标,其中C反映植物积累能力,TQ反映植物自地下向地上转运能力,U代表植物积累重金属的能力,在此基础上建立了修复植物评价指标体系,为铅锌尾矿库生态修复的植物筛选和修复功能评价提供了依据与方法。(3)采用植体重金属浓度C、积累量系数TQ和植物积累量U三大指标,分析比较了某铅锌尾矿区本土先锋植物耐受和积累重金属特性,调查出该尾矿区的先锋植物为春季：滇苦荬菜、益母草、紫苏、一年蓬、野胡萝卜、龙葵、苎麻、芒、节节草；夏季：野薄荷、益母草、山莓、青蒿、野菊、小飞蓬、狗尾草、节节草；秋季：红蓼、一年蓬、野豆、獯草、狗尾草、芒；冬季：藿香蓟、香丝草、白花鬼针草、魁蒿、冬茅、芦苇、芒草、节节草和狗尾草。(4)采用5种不同生态-经济型植物配置模式(Ⅰ：用材+景观植物；Ⅱ：用材+景观模式；Ⅲ：用材+能源植物；Ⅳ：珍贵用材+观赏植物；Ⅴ：工业原料+景观+用材植物)在某铅锌尾矿区建立了植物修复示范工程,其中模式Ⅳ、Ⅴ植物生长快、生物量大、覆盖率高、伴生植物种类多、群落组成稳定、重金属积累总量大,群落植物的经济价值高。工程实践证明,试验配置的生态-经济型植物模式具有良好的生态修复效应,建立的生态拦截净化系统能有效地降低污染区水土流失和控制重金属污染扩散对区域水环境的影响。(4)采用组合人工湿地技术在某铅锌尾矿区边界建立了生态拦截系统,监测分析结果表明,拦截净化系统有效地控制了污染区的水土流失和重金属污染扩散,出水水质各项指标达到《地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)》Ⅱ类标准。
[Abstract]:This paper investigates the pollution status of soil and the characteristics of heavy metals accumulation and tolerance of native plant species in a lead-zinc mine contaminated area, analyzes the remediation effect of plant model of ecological remediation project in lead-zinc tailings area, and monitors the treatment effect of ecological interception and purification system in tailings area. The emphasis of tailings control is to restore vegetation and landscape, reduce the content of heavy metals in soil and control pollution diffusion. (2) Plant heavy metal concentration C, accumulation coefficient TQ and accumulation amount U are used as indicators to identify the tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Medium C reflects the ability of plant accumulation, TQ reflects the ability of plant transportation from underground to ground, and U represents the ability of plant accumulation of heavy metals. On this basis, the evaluation index system of phytoremediation plants is established, which provides a basis and method for plant screening and phytoremediation function evaluation of ecological restoration of lead-zinc tailings reservoir. (3) The accumulation of heavy metal C in plant weight is adopted. Coefficient TQ and plant accumulation U were used to analyze and compare the characteristics of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation of indigenous pioneer plants in a lead-zinc tailings area. The pioneer plants in the tailings area were investigated as follows: Dioscorea yunnanensis, Leonurus leonurus, Perilla frutescens, Canopy, Wild carrot, Solanum nigrum, Ramie, Mango, Artemisia annua; Summer: wild mint, Leonurus heterophylla, raspberry, Artemisia annua, Wild. Chrysanthemum, Pennisetum, Sargassum, Herba Artemisiae; Autumn: Polygonum rubrum, Pennisetum annuum, wild bean, privet, sage, awn; Winter: Ageratum vulgare, vanilla, Bidens villosum, Artemisia rubra, Winter grass, reed, awn grass, Herba Artemisiae rubra, Herba Artemisiae rubrae, Herba Artemisiae Artemisiae, Herba Artemisiae rubrae, Herba Artemisiae Artemisiae, Herba Artemisiae Artemisiae rubra, Herba Artemi III: timber + energy plants; IV: precious timber + ornamental plants; V: industrial raw materials + landscape + timber plants) in a lead-zinc tailings area to establish a demonstration project of phytoremediation, in which model IV and V plants grow fast, biomass is large, coverage is high, associated plant species are many, community composition is stable, heavy metal accumulation is large, community plants Engineering practice has proved that the eco-economic plant model has good ecological restoration effect, and the ecological interception and purification system can effectively reduce soil erosion and control the influence of heavy metal pollution diffusion on the regional water environment. (4) The combined constructed wetland technology is used in a lead-zinc tailings area. The results of monitoring and analysis show that the interception and purification system can effectively control the soil erosion and the diffusion of heavy metal pollution in the polluted area, and the effluent quality can reach the class II standard.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X82;X173

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