北京市大气细颗粒物污染与来源解析研究

发布时间：2018-12-06 10:14

【摘要】：采集北京市2014年冬、春、夏、秋4个季节代表月1、4、7、10月的大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)样品,分析研究了PM_(2.5)质量浓度、化学特征、季节变化和污染成因.同时,采用正交矩阵因子分析法(PMF)对PM_(2.5)进行了来源解析.结果表明,北京市2014年PM_(2.5)年均浓度为87.74μg/m3,是国家环境空气质量标准年均浓度限值的2.5倍.轻、重污染期间,PM_(2.5)浓度较常日分别增加了1.5和3.9倍,其季节变化表现为冬季夏季秋季春季.地壳元素Mg、Al、Fe、Ca、Ti在轻度污染和重度污染期间较常日略有升高,分别是常日浓度的1.1~1.2倍和1.2~1.5倍.污染元素S、Pb、Zn、Cu浓度变化显著,轻度污染和重度污染期间分别是常日浓度的1.3~2.7倍和1.9~5.9倍.S元素是PM_(2.5)中受人为活动影响较为严重的组分,其相应的SO_4~(2-)年均浓度为13.43μg/m~3,在轻度污染和重度污染期间分别是常日浓度的2.7和5.9倍.硫酸盐的形成主要受O_3浓度、温度、相对湿度等气象要素的协同影响,较高的O_3浓度、较高温度和相对湿度有利于硫酸盐的生成.PM_(2.5)主要来源于机动车排放、燃煤、地面扬尘和工业排放,其贡献率分别为37.6%、30.7%、16.6%和15.1%.
[Abstract]:The PM_ (2.5) samples of atmospheric fine particles were collected from Beijing in winter, spring, summer and autumn in 2014. The mass concentration, chemical characteristics, seasonal variation and pollution cause of PM_ (2.5) were analyzed. At the same time, the source of PM_ (2.5) was analyzed by orthogonal matrix factor analysis (PMF). The results show that the average annual concentration of PM_ (2. 5) is 87.74 渭 g / m ~ (3) in Beijing in 2014, which is 2.5 times of the national ambient air quality standard's average annual concentration limit. During the period of light and heavy pollution, the concentration of PM_ (2.5) increased by 1.5 times and 3.9 times than that of normal days, respectively. The seasonal variation of PM_ (2. 5) was as follows: winter, summer, autumn and spring. The crustal element Mg,Al,Fe,Ca,Ti is slightly higher than that of normal day during mild and severe pollution, which is 1.1U 1.2 times and 1.2 times of normal daily concentration, respectively. The concentration of the polluted element SbPb, ZnN, Cu varies significantly. In the period of mild and severe pollution, the concentrations of PM_ were 1.3N 2.7 times and 1.9N 5.9 times higher than those of normal daily concentrations, respectively. S was the most seriously affected component of PM_ (2. 5). The average annual concentration of SO_4~ (2-) is 13.43 渭 g / m ~ (-1), which is 2.7 and 5.9 times higher than that of normal daily concentration during mild and severe pollution, respectively. The formation of sulfate is mainly influenced by the meteorological factors such as O _ 3 concentration, temperature, relative humidity and so on. Higher temperature and relative humidity are favorable to the formation of sulfate. PM_ (2. 5) is mainly derived from motor vehicle emissions, coal combustion, ground dust and industrial emissions, and its contribution rates are 37.6% and 15.1%, respectively.
【作者单位】：北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院;
【基金】：国家环保部公益性行业科研专项(201409003) 国家留学基金委项目(201406545022) 北京市教委项目(PXM2016_014204_001029_00205967_FCG) 北京工业大学区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室资助
【分类号】：X513

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