基于生命周期评价的废盐酸再生工艺比较研究

发布时间：2018-12-26 06:33

【摘要】：随着人们对人类生存环境的日益重视,加强环境保护,推行节能减排成为了广大生产企业不可逾越的红线,也是企业应该承担的一份社会责任。钢材作为一种重要的金属材料,在各行各业得到广泛应用。目前我国钢铁行业存在能耗大,污染物排放量高,固体废物产生量多等环境问题。尤其是钢铁企业的酸洗工序,在利用硫酸,盐酸或者硫酸、盐酸、氢氟酸混合配成的酸洗液,对钢材表面附着的氧化铁皮进行酸洗后,酸洗废液大多采用中和法处理,即加入氢氧化钙中和,最终形成大量的外排泥饼废渣和废水。该处理方法需要消耗大量的酸、碱、氢氧化钙和絮凝剂等原材料；中和处理后产生的废渣体积大、含水量高、废水多,最终实现无害化处理比较困难,处理成本也很高,给环境造成了严重的二次污染。近来,由于酸洗工艺和废盐酸再生技术的进步,以及盐酸酸洗速率较高,酸洗后的钢材表面银亮、平滑、洁净,化学酸损少等特点,盐酸酸洗工艺和其配套的废盐酸再生技术一流化床法或喷雾焙烧法已经在各大钢铁企业普遍使用。采用产品在生产、使用、报废和原材料等生命周期过程中的环境负荷和影响来确定产品环境性能已广受关注。钢铁酸洗的生命周期评价是对钢铁酸洗后废酸液处理过程分析其潜在环境影响的技术。本文以大连某特殊钢公司为例,主要采用生命周期评价方法,以GaBi 5.0软件为平台,对流化床法和喷雾焙烧法分别再生9.5kg盐酸进行了生命周期清单分析,计算两种工艺的水、电、煤气等资源消耗和全球变暖、富营养化、酸化、人体制毒性等环境影响。通过分析比较,选择喷雾焙烧法的废酸处理工艺。达到改进工艺技术,设备设施改造,强化管理等清洁生产手段,避免非再生资源过度消耗,使再生资源保持再生产能力；减少污染物的产生量和排放量,满足经济发展的需要和人们对良好生活环境的渴求,最终实现可持续发展和绿色生产的目的。
[Abstract]:As people pay more and more attention to human living environment, strengthening environmental protection and promoting energy saving and emission reduction has become an insurmountable red line for the majority of production enterprises, and it is also a social responsibility that enterprises should undertake. As an important metal material, steel has been widely used in various industries. At present, the iron and steel industry in our country has many environmental problems, such as high energy consumption, high pollutant emission and high solid waste production. In particular, in the acid washing process of iron and steel enterprises, after the acid washing liquid mixed with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid is used to pickle the iron oxide sheet attached to the steel surface, the acid pickling waste liquid is mostly treated by neutralization method. That is, adding calcium hydroxide neutralization, resulting in a large amount of sludge cake waste and waste water. This process needs to consume a lot of raw materials such as acid, alkali, calcium hydroxide and flocculant. The waste residue produced by neutralization treatment is large in volume, high in water content and abundant in wastewater. It is difficult to realize harmless treatment at last, and the cost of treatment is very high, which has caused serious secondary pollution to the environment. Recently, due to the progress of acid pickling process and waste hydrochloric acid regeneration technology, as well as the high rate of acid pickling, the surface of steel after acid washing is bright, smooth, clean and has less chemical acid loss, etc. Hydrochloric acid pickling process and its associated waste hydrochloric acid regeneration technology fluidized bed method or spray roasting process have been widely used in various iron and steel enterprises. The environmental load and influence of product in production, use, scrap and raw material life cycle to determine the environmental performance of the product has been paid more and more attention. The life cycle evaluation of iron and steel pickling is a technique to analyze the potential environmental impact of waste acid solution after iron and steel pickling. Taking a special steel company in Dalian as an example, the life cycle inventory analysis of regenerating 9.5kg hydrochloric acid by fluidized bed method and spray roasting method was carried out on the platform of GaBi 5.0 software. The environmental effects such as water, electricity and gas consumption and global warming, eutrophication, acidification, human toxicity and so on are calculated. Through analysis and comparison, the technology of treating waste acid by spray roasting was selected. To improve the process technology, equipment and facilities transformation, strengthen management and other cleaner production means, to avoid excessive consumption of non-renewable resources, so that renewable resources to maintain the ability of reproduction; The aim of sustainable development and green production can be achieved by reducing the amount and discharge of pollutants, satisfying the needs of economic development and people's yearning for a good living environment.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X757

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