三峡水库支流水华机理及其调控技术研究进展

发布时间：2018-12-29 07:20

【摘要】：三峡水库自2003年蓄水以来,水库干支流水环境状况及支流水华问题已成为广泛关注的问题,国内外不少科研单位及学者对此进行了大量的研究。本文在介绍三峡水库蓄水以来水库水质状态及支流水华情势的基础上,系统总结了关于三峡水库干支流水动力特征及其环境效应、水华机理及其调控措施的研究发现,并提出了有待进一步研究的内容。主要研究发现包括:(1)三峡水库蓄水后支流库湾普遍存在分层异重流现象,产生的原因是干支流温度差及泥沙浓度差引起的水体密度差,其中水体温度差是主要因素;(2)在分层异重流的驱动下,支流库湾水体呈现"双混斜"及"半U"型特殊水体分层模式,支流库湾营养盐也主要来自于水库干流倒灌;(3)流速变缓只是支流暴发水华的表观原因,分层异重流驱动下的混合层(Zm)与临界层(ZCr)的关系变化才是决定水华生消的关键;(4)水库水位升降可通过影响分层异重流的形态、改变支流水体分层状态进而调控支流水华的生消过程,基于此提出了防控支流水华的"潮汐式"生态调度方法。如何将上述新发现上升为具有三峡水库特色的系统理论与方法,实现支流水华的精准预测预报,开展能够协调水库传统效益和防控支流水华等生态效益的三峡及上游梯级水库群联合多目标优化调度实践,应是今后进一步努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Since the three Gorges Reservoir was impounded in 2003, the water environment of the main and tributaries of the reservoir and the problem of Shui Hua, the tributary of the reservoir, have become a widespread concern, which has been studied by many research institutes and scholars at home and abroad. On the basis of introducing the water quality status of the three Gorges Reservoir and the situation of Shui Hua, the hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental effects of the main and tributaries of the three Gorges Reservoir, the mechanism and the control measures of the three Gorges Reservoir are summarized systematically in this paper. And put forward the content that needs further research. The main findings are as follows: (1) there is a stratified density current in the tributary bay after the three Gorges Reservoir impoundment, which is caused by the difference in the temperature of the main tributaries and the difference in sediment concentration, among which the temperature difference of the water body is the main factor; (2) driven by stratified gravity current, the tributary-Kuwan water body presents a special delamination model of "double mixing oblique" and "half U" type, and the nutrient salt in the tributary bay is also mainly from the backflow of the main stream of the reservoir; (3) the deceleration of flow velocity is only the apparent cause of the tributaries breaking out to Shui Hua. The relationship between the mixed layer (Zm) driven by stratified density current and the critical layer (ZCr) is the key factor to determine the extinction of water. (4) the rise and fall of reservoir water level can change the stratified state of tributary water body by influencing the form of stratified gravity current, and then regulate the process of growth and extinction of tributary Shui Hua. Based on this, a "tidal" ecological dispatching method for preventing and controlling tributary Shui Hua is put forward. How to raise the above new findings to the system theory and method with the characteristics of the three Gorges Reservoir, so as to realize the accurate prediction and forecast of the tributary Shui Hua, The practice of joint multi-objective optimal operation of the three Gorges and upstream cascade reservoirs, which can coordinate the traditional benefits of the reservoir and the ecological benefits of Shui Hua, should be the direction of further efforts in the future.
【作者单位】：湖北工业大学河湖生态修复与藻类利用湖北省重点实验室;三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心;武汉大学水利水电学院;
【基金】：973计划前期研究课题(2014CB460601) 国家国际合作项目(2014DFE70070) 国家自然科学基金项目(51509086)
【分类号】：X524

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