基于气象条件的商业区建筑群城市通风及综合效应研究
发布时间：2019-03-13 07:51
【摘要】：随着城市化的快速发展,城市人口和建筑的密度越来越大,伴随产生的商业区建筑群也成为城市生活中不可或缺的一部分。由于建筑规划不合理,车流量的增多,道路交通已成为现代城市的主要污染源,且城市通风状况越来越差,给人们的出行带来极大的不舒适性。室外热环境与空气质量主要是由于地面与大气边界层的热质交换直接影响城市空气系统的平衡与均匀所引起的。大气混合层高度内的湍流作用使污染物分布趋于均匀,并且大气混合层的高度表征了污染物在垂直方向的扩散的能力,与空气污染密不可分。本文从气象条件的角度分析了2011年-2013年重庆市大气混合层高度与近地面气象参数的关系,并确定其主导影响因素,用一元线性回归法建立混合层高度的预测模型。对于山城重庆,复杂的地形是众人的谈资,但对于规划者来说,却增加了一定的烦恼。本文取重庆一商业区建筑群作为研究对象,分析平均每天不同时刻和四季的气象条件对建筑群的通风及污染物扩散在水平方向和竖直方向的影响,进一步分析城市通风能力和污染物浓度与大气混合层高度的相关性,提出改善空气质量的措施。本文研究结果表明:(1)重庆市大气混合层高度随着年变化有着典型的上升趋势,并且具有明显的季节变化和天变化特性。一般春、夏季节的高度明显大于秋、冬季节,白天的混合层高度变化波动比较大,而晚上的趋于稳定,保持在100米左右。另外白天的大气混合层高度与太阳辐射、温度正相关,与湿度、气压负相关;晚上与辐射强度和风速正相关,而与其他气象参数的相关性则很小。(2)商业区建筑群的通风能力在一天和四季之中有明显的天变化和季节变化规律。在水平方向,通风能力和风速有明显的正相关性,在竖直方向,通风能力和混合层高度有一定的正相关性。(3)商业区建筑群周围的污染物也有明显的天变化和季节变化规律。在水平方向,污染物的扩散风速起主导作用,在竖直方向,大气混合层高度与近地面污染物浓度有明显的负相关性。当大气混合层高度较大时,这种气象条件就有利于污染物的扩散;当大气混合层高度较小时,这种气象条件就抑制污染物的稀释扩散,近地面污染物浓度相对较高。鉴于商业区建筑的迅猛发展,城市通风及污染物扩散对行人的重要性,本研究认为应该将近地面的气象参数统一起来,用提高大气混合层高度来改善城市通风状况,降低建筑群周围污染物的浓度,给经营者提出合适的商业规划。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the density of urban population and buildings is increasing, accompanied by commercial district buildings become an indispensable part of urban life. Road traffic has become the main source of pollution in modern cities because of unreasonable architectural planning and the increase of vehicle flow, and the condition of urban ventilation is getting worse and worse, which brings great uncomfort to people to travel. The outdoor thermal environment and air quality are mainly caused by the heat and mass exchange between the ground and the atmospheric boundary layer which directly affects the balance and uniformity of the urban air system. The turbulent action in the atmosphere mixing layer makes the distribution of pollutants uniform, and the height of the mixture layer indicates the ability of pollutant diffusion in the vertical direction, which is closely related to the air pollution. In this paper, the relationship between the atmospheric mixing layer height and the near surface meteorological parameters in Chongqing from 2011 to 2013 is analyzed from the point of view of meteorological conditions, and the main influencing factors are determined. The prediction model of the mixed layer height is established by means of univariate linear regression method. For the mountain city of Chongqing, the complex terrain is the talk of many, but for planners, but added a certain amount of annoyance. Taking a commercial district building complex in Chongqing as the research object, this paper analyzes the effects of meteorological conditions at different times and seasons on the ventilation and pollutant diffusion in horizontal and vertical directions of the complex. Furthermore, the correlation between urban ventilation capacity and pollutant concentration and the height of air mixture layer is analyzed, and the measures to improve air quality are put forward. The results show that: (1) the atmospheric mixing layer height in Chongqing has a typical rising trend with the annual variation, and has obvious seasonal and diurnal variation characteristics. The height of the mixed layer in spring and summer is obviously higher than that in autumn and winter. The height of the mixed layer fluctuates greatly during the day, while the height of the mixed layer tends to be stable in the evening, which is kept at about 100 meters. In addition, the height of atmospheric mixing layer in daytime is positively correlated with solar radiation, temperature, and negatively correlated with humidity and air pressure. Evening has a positive correlation with radiation intensity and wind speed, but little correlation with other meteorological parameters. (2) the ventilation capacity of commercial buildings has obvious rule of sky and season variation in one day and four seasons. In the horizontal direction, there is a significant positive correlation between ventilation capacity and wind speed, and in the vertical direction, There is a positive correlation between the ventilation capacity and the height of the mixed layer. (3) the pollutants around the building complex in the commercial area also have obvious law of the sky and season variation. In the horizontal direction, the diffusion velocity of pollutants plays a dominant role. In the vertical direction, there is a significant negative correlation between the height of the mixture layer and the concentration of pollutants near the ground. When the atmospheric mixing layer height is large, this meteorological condition is beneficial to the diffusion of pollutants, and when the atmospheric mixing layer height is small, the meteorological conditions restrain the dilution and diffusion of pollutants, and the concentration of pollutants near the surface is relatively high. In view of the rapid development of commercial buildings and the importance of urban ventilation and the spread of pollutants to pedestrians, this study suggests that meteorological parameters close to the ground should be unified to improve urban ventilation by raising the height of the air mixture layer. Reduce the concentration of pollutants around the complex and propose appropriate business plans for the operator.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51;TU119
本文编号：2439188
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the density of urban population and buildings is increasing, accompanied by commercial district buildings become an indispensable part of urban life. Road traffic has become the main source of pollution in modern cities because of unreasonable architectural planning and the increase of vehicle flow, and the condition of urban ventilation is getting worse and worse, which brings great uncomfort to people to travel. The outdoor thermal environment and air quality are mainly caused by the heat and mass exchange between the ground and the atmospheric boundary layer which directly affects the balance and uniformity of the urban air system. The turbulent action in the atmosphere mixing layer makes the distribution of pollutants uniform, and the height of the mixture layer indicates the ability of pollutant diffusion in the vertical direction, which is closely related to the air pollution. In this paper, the relationship between the atmospheric mixing layer height and the near surface meteorological parameters in Chongqing from 2011 to 2013 is analyzed from the point of view of meteorological conditions, and the main influencing factors are determined. The prediction model of the mixed layer height is established by means of univariate linear regression method. For the mountain city of Chongqing, the complex terrain is the talk of many, but for planners, but added a certain amount of annoyance. Taking a commercial district building complex in Chongqing as the research object, this paper analyzes the effects of meteorological conditions at different times and seasons on the ventilation and pollutant diffusion in horizontal and vertical directions of the complex. Furthermore, the correlation between urban ventilation capacity and pollutant concentration and the height of air mixture layer is analyzed, and the measures to improve air quality are put forward. The results show that: (1) the atmospheric mixing layer height in Chongqing has a typical rising trend with the annual variation, and has obvious seasonal and diurnal variation characteristics. The height of the mixed layer in spring and summer is obviously higher than that in autumn and winter. The height of the mixed layer fluctuates greatly during the day, while the height of the mixed layer tends to be stable in the evening, which is kept at about 100 meters. In addition, the height of atmospheric mixing layer in daytime is positively correlated with solar radiation, temperature, and negatively correlated with humidity and air pressure. Evening has a positive correlation with radiation intensity and wind speed, but little correlation with other meteorological parameters. (2) the ventilation capacity of commercial buildings has obvious rule of sky and season variation in one day and four seasons. In the horizontal direction, there is a significant positive correlation between ventilation capacity and wind speed, and in the vertical direction, There is a positive correlation between the ventilation capacity and the height of the mixed layer. (3) the pollutants around the building complex in the commercial area also have obvious law of the sky and season variation. In the horizontal direction, the diffusion velocity of pollutants plays a dominant role. In the vertical direction, there is a significant negative correlation between the height of the mixture layer and the concentration of pollutants near the ground. When the atmospheric mixing layer height is large, this meteorological condition is beneficial to the diffusion of pollutants, and when the atmospheric mixing layer height is small, the meteorological conditions restrain the dilution and diffusion of pollutants, and the concentration of pollutants near the surface is relatively high. In view of the rapid development of commercial buildings and the importance of urban ventilation and the spread of pollutants to pedestrians, this study suggests that meteorological parameters close to the ground should be unified to improve urban ventilation by raising the height of the air mixture layer. Reduce the concentration of pollutants around the complex and propose appropriate business plans for the operator.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51;TU119
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 马福建;用常规地面气象资料估算大气混合层深度的一种方法[J];环境科学;1984年01期
，本文编号：2439188
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