绿肥改良对铅锌尾矿植物稳定修复效果研究

发布时间：2019-05-08 10:34

【摘要】：铅锌尾矿中,养分含量低,重金属含量高,不利于植物生长,难以进行生态恢复。利用绿肥对铅锌尾矿进行改良,不仅可以增加尾矿养分,还可以影响尾矿中重金属的存在形态。绿肥对改善铅锌尾矿生态环境具有重大意义,本文主要利用黑麦草和紫花苜蓿两种绿肥对铅锌尾矿生态环境的改善效果,并探索绿肥对铅锌尾矿改良的作用机制,为绿肥治理重金属污染土壤提供一定的理论基础和实践经验。本文以保定市涞源县铅锌尾矿为研究对象,采用盆栽实验,选取黑麦草和紫花苜蓿两种绿肥进行绿肥腐解动态实验,施加紫花苜蓿绿肥量为1%、2%、4%(绿肥干重/风干尾矿重),黑麦草施加量以紫花苜蓿各处理为依据等碳量施加,并设置对照处理(不施加绿肥),研究施加绿肥对铅锌尾矿养分、pH值和重金属生物有效性的影响。结果表明,两种绿肥有利于增加尾矿中速效磷、碱解氮的含量;两种绿肥对尾矿pH均具有一定的影响,与对照相比,前期黑麦草腐解使pH升高,后期使pH降低,pH值的变化幅度随着绿肥施加量的增加而减小;另外,施加黑麦草和紫花苜蓿绿肥对尾矿中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四种重金属的NH4NO3和EDTA-2Na浸提态均有一定为抑制作用,其中,施加黑麦草1%和4%的处理对重金属的抑制作用较强,紫花苜蓿以施加量为4%的处理抑制作用较强。本文还研究了黑麦草绿肥对铅锌尾矿中黑麦草生长及重金属吸收特性的影响,黑麦草绿肥施加量为1%、2%、4%(绿肥干重/尾矿干重),并设置对照处理(不施加黑麦草绿肥),黑麦草生长60天后进行收获测定。研究发现,施加黑麦草绿肥能够促进黑麦草生长,还能降低黑麦草对Pb、Zn、Cu的吸收量,影响植物对重金属的转移系数和富集系数。其中,黑麦草施加量为1%和4%时,黑麦草生物量较大。黑麦草施加量为4%的处理转移系数低于1%处理,富集系数高于1%处理。综合考虑增加绿肥施加量产生的成本问题,以及铅锌尾矿限制植物生长最主要的限制因子是重金属含量过高,本研究认为采用黑麦草绿肥对铅锌尾矿进行改良时,以施加量为1%的处理对铅锌尾矿环境改善效果较好;采用紫花苜蓿对铅锌尾矿进行改良时,以施加量为4%的处理对铅锌尾矿环境改善效果较好。
[Abstract]:In the lead-zinc tailings, the nutrient content is low and the heavy metal content is high, which is not conducive to the growth of plants and difficult to carry on the ecological restoration. The improvement of lead-zinc tailings with green manure can not only increase the nutrients of tailings, but also affect the forms of heavy metals in tailings. Green manure is of great significance to improve the ecological environment of lead-zinc tailings. In this paper, two kinds of green manure, ryegrass and alfalfa, were used to improve the ecological environment of lead-zinc tailings, and the mechanism of green fertilizer on lead-zinc tailings improvement was explored. It provides a certain theoretical basis and practical experience for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil by green manure. In this paper, lead-zinc tailings in Laiyuan County, Baoding City, was taken as the research object. Pot experiment was carried out with two kinds of green fertilizers, ryegrass and alfalfa, for the dynamic experiment of green manure decomposition. The amount of alfalfa green fertilizer was 1%, 2%, and the amount of green fertilizer was 1% and 2%, respectively. 4% (dry weight of green fertilizer / dry tailing weight of air), the amount of ryegrass was applied on the basis of equal carbon amount of alfalfa treatment, and the control treatment (no green fertilizer) was set up to study the effect of green fertilizer on lead-zinc tailing nutrient, and the effect of green fertilizer on lead-zinc tailing nutrient was studied. Effects of pH value and bioavailability of heavy metals. The results showed that the two green fertilizers could increase the content of available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in tailings. Two kinds of green manure had certain influence on the pH of tailings. Compared with the control, the pH increased in the early stage of ryegrass decomposition, and the pH decreased in the later stage, and the change of pH value decreased with the increase of green fertilizer application. In addition, the application of ryegrass and alfalfa green fertilizer could inhibit the NH4NO3 and EDTA-2Na extraction of four heavy metals of Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd in tailings to a certain extent. Treatment with 1% and 4% ryegrass had a strong inhibitory effect on heavy metals, and alfalfa with 4% application had a stronger inhibitory effect. The effects of ryegrass green fertilizer on the growth and heavy metal absorption of ryegrass in lead-zinc tailings were also studied. The application rates of green fertilizer were 1%, 2%, 4% (green manure dry weight / tailing dry weight), and the amount of Lolium ryegrass green fertilizer was 1%, 2% and 4%, respectively. After 60 days of growth, the ryegrass harvest was determined by setting the control treatment (without applying green fertilizer of ryegrass). It was found that the application of ryegrass green fertilizer could promote the growth of ryegrass, reduce the absorption of Pb,Zn,Cu, and affect the transfer coefficient and enrichment coefficient of heavy metals to plants. When the dosage of ryegrass was 1% and 4%, the biomass of ryegrass was larger. The transfer coefficient of 4% ryegrass treatment was lower than that of 1% treatment, and the enrichment coefficient of ryegrass was higher than 1%. Considering the cost of increasing the application of green manure and the heavy metal content as the most important limiting factor to the growth of plants in lead-zinc tailings, this study considered that the ryegrass green fertilizer was used to improve the lead-zinc tailing. The environmental improvement effect of Pb-Zn tailings was better when the amount of application was 1%. When alfalfa was used to improve the lead-zinc tailings, the treatment with 4% application had a better effect on the improvement of the lead-zinc tailing environment.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4;X753

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