贵州典型土地整治项目区耕地土壤重金属污染的评价
发布时间：2019-05-14 01:47
【摘要】：为了更好的协调人与土地之间的关系,土地整治正在贵州大规模的展开,随着重金属污染日趋严重,土壤重金属污染已成为农业、生态、环境和土壤科学研究的热点问题。现阶段的土地整治项目忽略了土壤重金属污染对土壤质量的影响。因此,进行土地整治项目区耕地土壤重金属污染的研究是土地整治中迫切需要的内容之一。为探明贵州省土壤整治项目区耕地土壤重金属污染状况,本研究通过到项目区实地调查、采集土样、实验分析,对9个典型土地整治项目区中耕地土壤Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg、As等重金属元素含量进行了分析,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、污染负荷指数法和潜在生态危害指数法,以国家土壤环境质量标准二级限定值和贵州省土壤重金属背景值作为评价标准,对项目区耕地土壤重金属污染状况和生态风险进行评价,综合评价结果表明:供试的9个项目区都存在不同程度的重金属积累,超标元素以Cd为主,Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、As在少数项目区存在超标。项目区中7种重金属都有不同程度的积累,其中以Cr的积累较为严重,As的积累较轻。9个项目区中,大方县耕地土壤环境质量较好,兴义市项目区和黄平县项目区耕地土壤环境质量较差。多元统计分析得到同一种重金属在不同项目区其平均含量存在一定的差异,不同重金属元素间的地域差异性较大,各项目区的空间分布差异较大,同一项目区中,相关性显著的元素的在空间分布上具有一定的相似性。内梅罗评价结果表明9个项目区的整体污染水平处于轻度污染,其中As的污染较小。以国家标准二级限定值评价时,各项目区土壤质量整体较好,主要以Cd的污染为主;以贵州省土壤重金属背景值为评价标准时,整体污染情况较为严重,各项目区均存以Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg元素的污染为主的复合污染,污染等级也较前者严重。分析发现供试项目区耕地土壤中Cd大多数源于土壤母质,外源输入较少,是否将该元素是否界定为项目区中的污染元素,应进一步研究其在植物中的富集程度来判别。潜在生态风险评价的结果表明土地整治项目区耕地土壤Cd和Hg的风险指数较高,为潜在的生态污染元素,需要引起重视;黄平土地整治项目区耕地土壤为中等生态危害,其余8个项目区为轻微生态危害。建议在土地整治和利用过程中将Cd和Hg作为重点防治对象,将黄平县项目区作为重点污染治理区。该研究结果可为贵州省农业的可持续发展,耕地资源的利用、开发、保护以及土地整治项目区的合理规划提供了一定的参考依据。
[Abstract]:In order to better coordinate the relationship between land and land, land remediation is being carried out on a large scale in Guizhou Province. with the increasing severity of heavy metal pollution, soil heavy metal pollution has become a hot issue in agriculture, ecology, environment and soil science. At present, the land remediation project ignores the influence of soil heavy metal pollution on soil quality. Therefore, the study of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land in land remediation project area is one of the urgent contents in land remediation. In order to find out the status of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land of soil remediation project area in Guizhou Province, this study investigated the soil samples in the project area, collected soil samples, and analyzed the soil Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb, of cultivated land in 9 typical land remediation project areas. The contents of heavy metal elements such as Hg,As were analyzed by single factor pollution index method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, pollution load index method and potential ecological hazard index method. Taking the second limit value of national soil environmental quality standard and the background value of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province as the evaluation criteria, the pollution status and ecological risk of heavy metals in cultivated land in the project area were evaluated. The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that there were different degrees of heavy metal accumulation in the nine project areas, Cd was the main element, and Cr,Cu,Zn,Hg,As exceeded the standard in a few project areas. The accumulation of seven kinds of heavy metals in the project area was different, among which the accumulation of Cr was more serious and the accumulation of As was lighter. Among the 9 project areas, the soil environmental quality of cultivated land in Dafang County was better. The soil environmental quality of cultivated land in Xingyi project area and Huangping county project area is poor. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the average content of the same heavy metal in different project areas was different, the regional difference among different heavy metal elements was great, and the spatial distribution of each project area was quite different, in the same project area, The spatial distribution of the elements with significant correlation is similar to each other. The results of Nemero evaluation showed that the overall pollution level of the nine project areas was slightly polluted, among which the pollution of As was small. When the second limit value of national standard is used to evaluate, the soil quality of each project area is better as a whole, mainly the pollution of Cd. When the background value of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province is taken as the evaluation standard, the overall pollution situation is more serious, and the combined pollution of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,Hg elements is the main pollution in each project area, and the pollution grade is also more serious than the former. It is found that most of the Cd in the cultivated soil in the project area originates from the soil parent material, and the exogenous input is less. Whether this element is defined as the pollution element in the project area should be further studied to distinguish whether it is enriched in the plant. The results of potential ecological risk assessment show that the risk index of Cd and Hg of cultivated land in the land remediation project area is high, which is a potential ecological pollution element, which needs to be paid attention to. The cultivated land soil in Huangping land remediation project area is medium ecological harm, and the other eight project areas are mild ecological harm. It is suggested that Cd and Hg should be taken as the key prevention and control objects in the process of land remediation and utilization, and Huangping County project area should be taken as the key pollution control area. The results of this study can provide a certain reference for the sustainable development of agriculture, the utilization, development and protection of cultivated land resources and the reasonable planning of land renovation project area in Guizhou Province.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X825;X53
本文编号：2476346
[Abstract]:In order to better coordinate the relationship between land and land, land remediation is being carried out on a large scale in Guizhou Province. with the increasing severity of heavy metal pollution, soil heavy metal pollution has become a hot issue in agriculture, ecology, environment and soil science. At present, the land remediation project ignores the influence of soil heavy metal pollution on soil quality. Therefore, the study of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land in land remediation project area is one of the urgent contents in land remediation. In order to find out the status of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land of soil remediation project area in Guizhou Province, this study investigated the soil samples in the project area, collected soil samples, and analyzed the soil Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb, of cultivated land in 9 typical land remediation project areas. The contents of heavy metal elements such as Hg,As were analyzed by single factor pollution index method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, pollution load index method and potential ecological hazard index method. Taking the second limit value of national soil environmental quality standard and the background value of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province as the evaluation criteria, the pollution status and ecological risk of heavy metals in cultivated land in the project area were evaluated. The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that there were different degrees of heavy metal accumulation in the nine project areas, Cd was the main element, and Cr,Cu,Zn,Hg,As exceeded the standard in a few project areas. The accumulation of seven kinds of heavy metals in the project area was different, among which the accumulation of Cr was more serious and the accumulation of As was lighter. Among the 9 project areas, the soil environmental quality of cultivated land in Dafang County was better. The soil environmental quality of cultivated land in Xingyi project area and Huangping county project area is poor. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the average content of the same heavy metal in different project areas was different, the regional difference among different heavy metal elements was great, and the spatial distribution of each project area was quite different, in the same project area, The spatial distribution of the elements with significant correlation is similar to each other. The results of Nemero evaluation showed that the overall pollution level of the nine project areas was slightly polluted, among which the pollution of As was small. When the second limit value of national standard is used to evaluate, the soil quality of each project area is better as a whole, mainly the pollution of Cd. When the background value of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province is taken as the evaluation standard, the overall pollution situation is more serious, and the combined pollution of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,Hg elements is the main pollution in each project area, and the pollution grade is also more serious than the former. It is found that most of the Cd in the cultivated soil in the project area originates from the soil parent material, and the exogenous input is less. Whether this element is defined as the pollution element in the project area should be further studied to distinguish whether it is enriched in the plant. The results of potential ecological risk assessment show that the risk index of Cd and Hg of cultivated land in the land remediation project area is high, which is a potential ecological pollution element, which needs to be paid attention to. The cultivated land soil in Huangping land remediation project area is medium ecological harm, and the other eight project areas are mild ecological harm. It is suggested that Cd and Hg should be taken as the key prevention and control objects in the process of land remediation and utilization, and Huangping County project area should be taken as the key pollution control area. The results of this study can provide a certain reference for the sustainable development of agriculture, the utilization, development and protection of cultivated land resources and the reasonable planning of land renovation project area in Guizhou Province.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X825;X53
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