东辽河流域农业非点源氮、磷污染模拟及入河过程研究
发布时间：2019-06-02 03:44
【摘要】：非点源污染是较为普遍的一种污染形式,随着经济的发展,对环境问题的重视不断提高,非点源污染的研究亦逐步深入,由于具有广泛性、难于定量监测、难于有效控制等特点,成为了治理的重点和难点。我国是农业大国,农村人口比例较大,农业非点源污染作为非点源污染的主要形式,成为农业生产、生活的主要污染排放形式。东辽河是辽河的一大支流,近些年来,农业非点源污染问题较为突出,本文针对东辽河流域水环境、农业非点源污染等问题,对研究区种植业、畜禽养殖业及农村生活污染进行调查和污染物估算,通过构建研究区空间和属性数据库,借助于SWAT分布式模型进行流域农业非点源污染模拟研究,获得研究区泥沙负荷、总氮与总磷污染负荷量,结合Arcgis空间处理功能,对流域泥沙、总氮与总磷污染物负荷时空特征进行分析,并计算流域各污染物入河系数,本次研究获得主要成果如下： 1)基于吉林省统计年鉴数据和吉林省污染普查数据库数据,调查了研究区种植业、畜禽养殖业、农村生活污染,并进行污染负荷计算。研究区由大牲畜、猪、羊、家禽带来的氮、磷污染负荷量多年平均值依次减小；对流域生活污水及人粪尿中氮、磷含量进行估算得出,多年平均生活污水中的氮含量为12.09kg·hm-2·a-1,磷含量为1.06kg·hm-2·a-1;粪便中氮含量为7423.95kg·hm-2·a-1,磷含量为1713.22kg·hm-2·a-1,氮含量明显高于磷。 2)构建了东辽河流域农业非点源污染模拟模型,利用流域泉太站径流、泥沙和污染物的实测数据,采用SWAT模型参数敏感性分析结果与SWAT-CUP软件参数分析、校准和验证功能,对流域径流、泥沙和污染物进行了校准和验证。校准期与验证期径流、泥沙、总氮与总磷的实测与模拟值的R、R2、Ens均满足模型精度与适用性评价要求,可采用上述参数进行流域农业非点源污染模拟研究。 3)统计分析了SWAT污染物模拟输出结果,流域泥沙负荷、总氮与总磷污染负荷在2006～2010年间的变化规律相似,除2009年出现降低外,总体呈上升趋势。每年的5-9月,泥沙、总氮与总磷污染负荷相对较高,且2007、2008、2010这三年的7月,泥沙负荷、总氮与总磷污染负荷为年内最大值,丰水期研究区污染负荷较大。2006～2010年,公主岭市、伊通县以及源头区域辽源市污染负荷较大；中下游地区总磷污染负荷较大,以公主岭市北部、梨树县的东部等地区污染较重。 4)基于SWAT模型模拟的污染物输出结果,借助于Arcgis地统计学插值方法,获得了研究区各子流域多年平均泥沙负荷、总氮与总磷污染负荷入河系数,研究污染物入河过程；研究区泥沙入河系数总体较大,在0.70～0.80之间,由东南部向西北部呈递增趋势。总氮入河系数空间分布特征与总磷相似,总氮入河系数在0.50～0.70之间,中下游地区泥沙入河系数较高；总磷入河系数相比总氮略低于总氮,入河系数在0.40～0.60之间,且由东南部向西北部总磷入河系数呈增加趋势。 本次研究较为全面的揭示了研究区农业非点源产生来源、产生量、农业非点源污染负荷及污染物入河系数空间分布特征,提出相应的防治措施和建议,为流域进行农业非点源污染等方面的治理,提供可靠依据。
[Abstract]:Non-point source pollution is a more common form of pollution. With the development of economy, the emphasis on environmental problems is increasing, and the research of non-point source pollution has been in-depth. And has become the key and difficult point of governance. China is a major agricultural power, the proportion of the population in the countryside is large, and the non-point source pollution of agriculture is the main form of non-point source pollution, and is the main pollutant discharge of agricultural production and living. In recent years, the problem of non-point source pollution in agriculture is a major tributary of the Liaohe River. In recent years, the problems such as water environment and non-point source pollution in the eastern Liaoning river basin have been studied. Through the construction of the study area space and the attribute database, by means of the SWAT distributed model, the study on the non-point source pollution of the basin is carried out to obtain the sediment load, total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution load of the study area, combined with the Arcgis space treatment function, The time-space characteristics of total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollutant load are analyzed, and each pollutant in the basin is calculated. The main results are as follows: 1) Based on the statistical yearbook data of Jilin Province and the data of the pollution survey database in Jilin Province, the cultivation of the research area and the breeding of livestock and poultry are investigated. Industry, rural life pollution, and pollution load meter The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the domestic sewage of the river basin and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the human excrement and urine was estimated, and the nitrogen content in the average domestic sewage was 12.09 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1 and the phosphorus content was 1.06 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1. 1. The content of nitrogen in the feces was 7423.95 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1, the phosphorus content was 1713.22 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1, and the nitrogen content was higher than that in the feces. The model of non-point source pollution in the agricultural non-point source in the Eastern Liaoning river basin is constructed, and the measured data of runoff, sediment and pollutant are used to analyze, calibrate and verify functions and convection of SWAT-CUP software parameters by using SWAT model parameter sensitivity analysis result and SWAT-CUP software parameter sensitivity analysis result. The domain run-off, sediment and contaminants are calibrated and verification, and the R, R2 and Ens of the measured and simulated values of the runoff, the sediment, the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the calibration period and the verification period meet the requirements of the model precision and the applicability evaluation, It is proposed to study.3) Statistical analysis of the results of the analog output of SWAT pollutants, the sediment load of the river basin, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution load in the period of 2006-2010 are similar, except for the reduction in 2009, overall The pollution load of sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus is relatively high in May-September of each year, and the pollution load of sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the year 2007,2008 and 2010 is the maximum value of the year, and the pollution load of the research area in the high water season is large.2006-2010 In the middle and lower reaches of the city, the total phosphorus pollution in the middle and lower reaches of the city is larger, and the pollution load of the total phosphorus in the middle and lower reaches is large, and the pollution load in the north of the city and the east of the pear tree county in the middle and lower reaches of the city The area pollution is heavy.4) Based on the results of the pollutants output by the SWAT model, the average sediment load, total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution load of each sub-basin of the study area are obtained by means of the statistical interpolation method of Arcgis. The river coefficient is generally larger, between 0.70 and 0.80, from south-east to west The spatial distribution of total nitrogen in the river is similar to that of the total phosphorus. The coefficient of total nitrogen in the river is between 0.50 and 0.70. The sediment in the middle and lower reaches of the river is higher than that of the total nitrogen. The total nitrogen is slightly lower than the total nitrogen, and the river coefficient is between 0.40 and 0.60, and the total phosphorus in the south-east to the north-west reaches the river. The factors of non-point source generation, production quantity, non-point source pollution load of agricultural non-point source and the spatial distribution of pollutant in the river are more fully revealed in this study, and corresponding prevention and control measures and suggestions are put forward. source pollution
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X71
本文编号：2490809
[Abstract]:Non-point source pollution is a more common form of pollution. With the development of economy, the emphasis on environmental problems is increasing, and the research of non-point source pollution has been in-depth. And has become the key and difficult point of governance. China is a major agricultural power, the proportion of the population in the countryside is large, and the non-point source pollution of agriculture is the main form of non-point source pollution, and is the main pollutant discharge of agricultural production and living. In recent years, the problem of non-point source pollution in agriculture is a major tributary of the Liaohe River. In recent years, the problems such as water environment and non-point source pollution in the eastern Liaoning river basin have been studied. Through the construction of the study area space and the attribute database, by means of the SWAT distributed model, the study on the non-point source pollution of the basin is carried out to obtain the sediment load, total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution load of the study area, combined with the Arcgis space treatment function, The time-space characteristics of total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollutant load are analyzed, and each pollutant in the basin is calculated. The main results are as follows: 1) Based on the statistical yearbook data of Jilin Province and the data of the pollution survey database in Jilin Province, the cultivation of the research area and the breeding of livestock and poultry are investigated. Industry, rural life pollution, and pollution load meter The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the domestic sewage of the river basin and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the human excrement and urine was estimated, and the nitrogen content in the average domestic sewage was 12.09 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1 and the phosphorus content was 1.06 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1. 1. The content of nitrogen in the feces was 7423.95 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1, the phosphorus content was 1713.22 kg 路 hm-2 路 a-1, and the nitrogen content was higher than that in the feces. The model of non-point source pollution in the agricultural non-point source in the Eastern Liaoning river basin is constructed, and the measured data of runoff, sediment and pollutant are used to analyze, calibrate and verify functions and convection of SWAT-CUP software parameters by using SWAT model parameter sensitivity analysis result and SWAT-CUP software parameter sensitivity analysis result. The domain run-off, sediment and contaminants are calibrated and verification, and the R, R2 and Ens of the measured and simulated values of the runoff, the sediment, the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the calibration period and the verification period meet the requirements of the model precision and the applicability evaluation, It is proposed to study.3) Statistical analysis of the results of the analog output of SWAT pollutants, the sediment load of the river basin, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution load in the period of 2006-2010 are similar, except for the reduction in 2009, overall The pollution load of sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus is relatively high in May-September of each year, and the pollution load of sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the year 2007,2008 and 2010 is the maximum value of the year, and the pollution load of the research area in the high water season is large.2006-2010 In the middle and lower reaches of the city, the total phosphorus pollution in the middle and lower reaches of the city is larger, and the pollution load of the total phosphorus in the middle and lower reaches is large, and the pollution load in the north of the city and the east of the pear tree county in the middle and lower reaches of the city The area pollution is heavy.4) Based on the results of the pollutants output by the SWAT model, the average sediment load, total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution load of each sub-basin of the study area are obtained by means of the statistical interpolation method of Arcgis. The river coefficient is generally larger, between 0.70 and 0.80, from south-east to west The spatial distribution of total nitrogen in the river is similar to that of the total phosphorus. The coefficient of total nitrogen in the river is between 0.50 and 0.70. The sediment in the middle and lower reaches of the river is higher than that of the total nitrogen. The total nitrogen is slightly lower than the total nitrogen, and the river coefficient is between 0.40 and 0.60, and the total phosphorus in the south-east to the north-west reaches the river. The factors of non-point source generation, production quantity, non-point source pollution load of agricultural non-point source and the spatial distribution of pollutant in the river are more fully revealed in this study, and corresponding prevention and control measures and suggestions are put forward. source pollution
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X71
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