全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）对斜生栅藻和斑马鱼生理生化指标的影响
发布时间：2019-06-02 14:28
【摘要】：全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctane Sulfonate,PFOS)这一新型的持久性有机污染物具有极高的化学稳定性、生物惰性及不易挥发性,在生态系统中很难降解。目前在世界范围内的水、大气、沉积物等环境介质,人体和动物的肝脏、血清中均有检出,已成为威胁环境及人类健康的重要污染物质之一。而水环境作为PFOS的最大储存库,研究其对水生生物的毒性效应十分必要。本文以水生态毒理学试验中广泛采用的斜生栅藻和斑马鱼为模式生物,探讨了最佳的斜生栅藻藻细胞破碎方法,研究了PFOS对斜生栅藻的急性毒性及其对斜生栅藻(可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA))和斑马鱼头部(碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E))、内脏团(ALP、SOD、CAT、MDA)、肌肉(ALP、SOD、MDA)生理生化指标的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.使用将藻液冻融1次再超声波超声25分钟可使斜生栅藻藻细胞基本完全破碎,所提粗酶液中蛋白质含量最高。2.PFOS对斜生栅藻急性毒性试验表明,高浓度(120~200mg/L)PFOS会明显抑制斜生栅藻的生长,PFOS对斜生栅藻细胞密度的96h-EC50为75mg/L,吸光值的96h-EC50为98mg/L,叶绿素a的96h-EC50为95mg/L。3.PFOS对斜生栅藻生理生化指标的影响研究表明,不同浓度的PFOS对斜生栅藻蛋白质含量有所抑制,但差异不明显(P0.05)。PFOS对SOD活力表现为低浓度诱导,高浓度先抑制后诱导,48h时高浓度PFOS(120mg/L)作用下斜生栅藻SOD值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。PFOS对CAT活力有诱导作用,48h时高浓度PFOS(120mg/L)的作用下CAT值也显著高于对照(P0.05)。MDA含量会在PFOS的影响下表现为先诱导后抑制,但与对照均无明显差异(P0.05)。4.PFOS胁迫下,对斑马鱼头部酶活的测定结果表明,斑马鱼头部ALP活力会对中高浓度(5mg/L、10mg/L)的PFOS在0.5h和1h产生应激作用,活力受到抑制,之后由于自身调节恢复正常;LDH活力未在0.5~1h出现应激,而是呈现中低浓度诱导,高浓度无显著影响的状态;Ach E活力受到PFOS影响在0.5h出现应激,中高浓度组分别受到显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)抑制,之后在96h,低浓度组(1mg/L)与高浓度组(10mg/L)受到显著诱导(P0.05)。5.斑马鱼内脏团中的中高浓度暴露组ALP活力整体受到诱导显著升高;各浓度组SOD活力随时间延长整体呈先上升后下降趋于稳定,受PFOS影响,SOD在0.5h和1h受到显著诱导,之后虽所下降,但并未受到显著抑制;CAT活力在0.5h和1h由于应激反应低浓度组受到诱导,与对照存在显著差异(P0.05),之后在48h 5mg/L浓度组CAT活力受到显著诱导(P0.05),其余均与对照无显著差异(P0.05);内脏团中MDA含量受PFOS影响,机理响应最为明显,0.5~1h应激反应中,中高浓度组MDA含量明显升高,与对照组存在极显著差异(P0.01),之后虽有一定恢复,但在12~24h其含量有有所增长,高浓度出现极显著差异(P0.01)。6.斑马鱼肌肉中ALP活力在0.5~12h机理响应明显,除3h外,其余时间中高浓度组ALP活力均受到显著抑制;而PFOS对肌肉中SOD活力影响不大,各染毒组与对照组基本无显著差异(P0.05);而MDA含量受PFOS影响在0.5h应激反应中出现低浓度诱导,中高浓度抑制,之后虽有所恢复,中高浓度组又在12h、48h和96h受到显著抑制。
[Abstract]:Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS), a new persistent organic pollutant, has very high chemical stability, bioinert and non-volatile, and is very difficult to degrade in the ecosystem. At present, the water, the atmosphere, the sediment and other environmental media in the world, the liver and the serum of the human body and the animal are detected, and has become one of the important pollutants that threaten the environment and human health. The water environment, as the largest repository of PFOS, is necessary to study its toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this paper, the best method of the cell-breaking of the Scenedesmus obliquus and Zebrafish is discussed in this paper. The acute toxicity of PFOS to the Scenedesmus obliquus (PCOS) and the effects of PFOS on the slant zoonoids (soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) are studied. The effects of catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and zebrafish's head (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetylcholine esterase (Ach E)), internal organs (ALP, SOD, CAT, MDA) and muscle (ALP, SOD, MDA) physiological and biochemical indexes were investigated. The main results are as follows:1. The results showed that the high concentration (120 ~ 200 mg/ L) of PFOS could significantly inhibit the growth of the oblique cells. The effect of PFOS on the physiological and biochemical indexes of the oblique cells showed that PFOS had the effect of inhibiting the protein content of the oblique cells. But the difference was not significant (P0.05). The activity of PFOS in SOD was induced by low concentration. The results showed that the activity of PFOS (120 mg/ L) was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). The CAT value of PFOS was significantly higher than that in the control group at 48 h (P <0.05). The content of MDA was first induced and inhibited under the influence of PFOS. The results of the determination of the activity of the head of the zebrafish on the head of the zebrafish under the stress of PFOS showed that the activity of the head of the zebrafish in the head of the zebrafish (5 mg/ L,10 mg/ L) had the stress of 0.5 h and 1 h, and the activity was inhibited, and then the self-regulation returned to normal; The activity of LDH was not stressed in 0.5 ~ 1h, but it was not affected by low-concentration induction and high concentration. The activity of Ach E was affected by PFOS in 0.5h, and the high-concentration group was significantly (P0.05) and very significant (P0.01), and then at 96 h, The low concentration group (1 mg/ L) and the high concentration group (10 mg/ L) were significantly induced (P0.05). ALP activity of the middle and high-concentration exposed group in the zebrafish viscera group was significantly increased; the activity of SOD in each concentration group was increased as a whole, and then decreased to a steady state, and the activity of SOD was significantly induced in 0.5 h and 1 h after the time of the time, and the activity of SOD was not significantly inhibited. The activity of CAT was significantly different from that in the control group (P0.05). The activity of CAT was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). The content of MDA in the visceral mass was affected by the PFOS. The mechanism response was the most obvious, and the content of MDA in high-concentration group was significantly higher in the 0.5 ~ 1h stress reaction, and there was a significant difference in the control group (P0.01). After that, there was a certain recovery in the content of 12-24 h, and there was a significant difference in the high concentration (P0.01). The activity of ALP in the muscle of the zebrafish increased from 0.5 to 12 hours, and the activity of ALP in the high-concentration group was significantly inhibited in the remaining time except for 3 hours, while the effect of PFOS on the activity of SOD in the muscle was not significant, and there was no significant difference between the exposure groups and the control group (P0.05). The results showed that the content of MDA was inhibited by the low concentration of PFOS in the stress reaction of 0.5h, and the high concentration of MDA was inhibited, and the high-concentration group was significantly inhibited at 12 h,48 h and 96 h.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X503.225
本文编号：2491173
[Abstract]:Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS), a new persistent organic pollutant, has very high chemical stability, bioinert and non-volatile, and is very difficult to degrade in the ecosystem. At present, the water, the atmosphere, the sediment and other environmental media in the world, the liver and the serum of the human body and the animal are detected, and has become one of the important pollutants that threaten the environment and human health. The water environment, as the largest repository of PFOS, is necessary to study its toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this paper, the best method of the cell-breaking of the Scenedesmus obliquus and Zebrafish is discussed in this paper. The acute toxicity of PFOS to the Scenedesmus obliquus (PCOS) and the effects of PFOS on the slant zoonoids (soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) are studied. The effects of catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and zebrafish's head (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetylcholine esterase (Ach E)), internal organs (ALP, SOD, CAT, MDA) and muscle (ALP, SOD, MDA) physiological and biochemical indexes were investigated. The main results are as follows:1. The results showed that the high concentration (120 ~ 200 mg/ L) of PFOS could significantly inhibit the growth of the oblique cells. The effect of PFOS on the physiological and biochemical indexes of the oblique cells showed that PFOS had the effect of inhibiting the protein content of the oblique cells. But the difference was not significant (P0.05). The activity of PFOS in SOD was induced by low concentration. The results showed that the activity of PFOS (120 mg/ L) was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). The CAT value of PFOS was significantly higher than that in the control group at 48 h (P <0.05). The content of MDA was first induced and inhibited under the influence of PFOS. The results of the determination of the activity of the head of the zebrafish on the head of the zebrafish under the stress of PFOS showed that the activity of the head of the zebrafish in the head of the zebrafish (5 mg/ L,10 mg/ L) had the stress of 0.5 h and 1 h, and the activity was inhibited, and then the self-regulation returned to normal; The activity of LDH was not stressed in 0.5 ~ 1h, but it was not affected by low-concentration induction and high concentration. The activity of Ach E was affected by PFOS in 0.5h, and the high-concentration group was significantly (P0.05) and very significant (P0.01), and then at 96 h, The low concentration group (1 mg/ L) and the high concentration group (10 mg/ L) were significantly induced (P0.05). ALP activity of the middle and high-concentration exposed group in the zebrafish viscera group was significantly increased; the activity of SOD in each concentration group was increased as a whole, and then decreased to a steady state, and the activity of SOD was significantly induced in 0.5 h and 1 h after the time of the time, and the activity of SOD was not significantly inhibited. The activity of CAT was significantly different from that in the control group (P0.05). The activity of CAT was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). The content of MDA in the visceral mass was affected by the PFOS. The mechanism response was the most obvious, and the content of MDA in high-concentration group was significantly higher in the 0.5 ~ 1h stress reaction, and there was a significant difference in the control group (P0.01). After that, there was a certain recovery in the content of 12-24 h, and there was a significant difference in the high concentration (P0.01). The activity of ALP in the muscle of the zebrafish increased from 0.5 to 12 hours, and the activity of ALP in the high-concentration group was significantly inhibited in the remaining time except for 3 hours, while the effect of PFOS on the activity of SOD in the muscle was not significant, and there was no significant difference between the exposure groups and the control group (P0.05). The results showed that the content of MDA was inhibited by the low concentration of PFOS in the stress reaction of 0.5h, and the high concentration of MDA was inhibited, and the high-concentration group was significantly inhibited at 12 h,48 h and 96 h.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X503.225
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