湘江干流水污染治理中的公众参与机制研究

发布时间：2019-06-04 14:51

【摘要】：长期以来,湘江干流的水污染治理虽然取得了一定的成果,但是远未达到预期效果,其重要原因是湘江干流水污染治理不仅需要政府间的跨域协同治理,更需要民主式的公众参与。公众参与有助于弥补政府单一治理的缺陷,如何构建和完善长效的水污染治理中的公众参与机制成为了一个举足轻重的课题。政府如果得不到公众的认可和参与,就会成为“无士兵的将军”,如果没有一个完善而系统的公众参与机制,公众也就不能有效、有序的参与,水污染治理也只能达到事倍功半的效果。国内外学者已经对公众参与水污染治理的很多内容做了研究,但他们的研究都是零散的、碎片化的,多是从公众参与水污染治理的理论基础、层次、渠道、制度和法律保障等方面进行研究,缺少对水污染治理中的公众参与机制的系统化研究。本文认为水污染治理中的公众参与机制构建不应是零散的,而是一个包括参与动力机制、参与保障机制和参与运行实现机制在内的系统。因此,本文将重点从公众参与机制的动力、保障和运行实现三个方面,尝试构建水污染治理中公众参与的机制。本文以湘江干流水污染治理中的公众参与为研究对象,借鉴参与式民主理论,通过对湘江干流水污染治理中公众参与机制的相关文献综述研究,且在概念界定和相关理论分析的基础上,对公众参与湘江干流水污染治理的现状进行分析,通过规范分析和实证分析相结合的方法探讨湘江干流水污染治理中公众参与存在的问题及原因分析,最后提出了完善湘江干流水污染治理中公众参与机制的对策。文章的主要观点：水污染治理中的公众参与机制应包括动力机制、保障机制和运行实现机制。湘江干流水污染治理中的公众参与机制在动力机制方面存在意识不高、自主性低等内在推动力不足和参与型文化的缺乏等外在拉动力不足等问题；在保障机制上存在着现有法律文件模糊,缺乏相关制度保障等问题；在运行实现机制上存在着参与主体界定不清且责任缺乏,参与客体狭窄、公众参与方式单一、参与过程间断、缺乏全程参与、参与结果差异大等问题。其主要原因有：传统思想和政治文化的制约；法规制度和管理体系不完善；政府一元治污模式制约着公众、专家和其他组织的合作和沟通；组织化发展水平低等。为此,应通过以下策略和措施,完善水污染治理中的公众参与机制：一是塑造参与型文化理念；二是增强环境教育培训；三是加强公众参与的组织保障和制度保障；四是重视公众参与选择,有效组织参与过程；拓宽公众参与的渠道,提高参与程度；建立政府、公众和民间环保组织多元协作治理模式。系统有效的公众参与机制,是水污染预防与治理的有力保障。
[Abstract]:For a long time, although some achievements have been made in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of the Xiangjiang River, it is far from achieving the desired results. The important reason is that the water pollution control of the main stream of the Xiangjiang River not only needs cross-regional and coordinated management between the governments. There is a greater need for democratic public participation. Public participation helps to make up for the defects of single government governance, how to construct and improve the long-term public participation mechanism in water pollution control has become an important issue. If the government is not recognized and participated by the public, it will become a "general without soldiers". Without a sound and systematic mechanism for public participation, the public will not be able to participate effectively and in an orderly manner. Water pollution control can only achieve twice the result with half the effort. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on public participation in water pollution control, but their research is scattered and fragmented, mostly from the theoretical basis, level and channels of public participation in water pollution control. There is a lack of systematic research on the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control. This paper holds that the construction of public participation mechanism in water pollution control should not be scattered, but a system including participation dynamic mechanism, participation guarantee mechanism and participation realization mechanism. Therefore, this paper will try to construct the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control from three aspects: the motive force of public participation mechanism, the guarantee and the realization of operation. This paper takes the public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River as the research object, draws lessons from the theory of participatory democracy, and reviews the relevant literature on the mechanism of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River. On the basis of concept definition and related theoretical analysis, this paper analyzes the present situation of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River. Through the combination of normative analysis and empirical analysis, this paper probes into the problems and causes of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River, and finally puts forward some countermeasures for perfecting the mechanism of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River. The main point of view of this paper is that the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control should include dynamic mechanism, guarantee mechanism and operation realization mechanism. There are some problems in the mechanism of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River, such as low consciousness, low autonomy and lack of external pulling power, such as the lack of external driving force and the lack of participating culture. There are some problems in the guarantee mechanism, such as the ambiguity of the existing legal documents, the lack of relevant institutional protection and so on. In the operation and realization mechanism, there are some problems, such as unclear definition of the subject of participation and lack of responsibility, narrow object of participation, single mode of public participation, discontinuity of participation process, lack of participation in the whole process, great difference in participation results, and so on. The main reasons are: the restriction of traditional ideology and political culture; the imperfect legal system and management system; the government monistic pollution control model restricts the cooperation and communication of the public, experts and other organizations; and the low level of organizational development. Therefore, the following strategies and measures should be adopted to improve the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control: first, to shape the concept of participating culture; second, to strengthen environmental education and training; third, to strengthen the organizational security and institutional guarantee of public participation; Fourth, we should attach importance to the choice of public participation, effectively organize the participation process, broaden the channels of public participation and improve the degree of participation, and establish a pluralistic cooperative governance model among the government, the public and private environmental protection organizations. Systematic and effective public participation mechanism is a powerful guarantee for water pollution prevention and control.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522

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