基于辽宁省辽河流域水生态功能三级区河流生态流量研究
发布时间：2019-06-04 19:10
【摘要】：水资源是地区社会经济发展的重要保障。流域内社会经济的快速发展使得河道内(水电站)及河道外用水需求不断增加,以及生活、生产、生态用水分配不当,破坏了河道内自然生态系统需水平衡,常导致河流最小生态流量得不到有效保障,水资源环境管理者正面临着如何恢复、保护与维持河流生态系统健康,引导河流生态系统良性演化等一系列重大水生态安全问题。辽河流域作为我国北方重点流域,也具有较多水资源及水生态安全问题。本文结合辽宁省辽河流域水生态功能三级分区方案,对辽宁省辽河流域主要河流生态流量进行了研究,以期能够为辽河流域水资源配置和水生态安全问题提供理论支持与决策依据。1)利用辽河流域水文数据进行水文情势分析及绘制水文频率曲线(皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布型),得出辽河流域径流量年际变化及年内季节性特征,并结合气候、地形、植被以及土地利用类型等影响因素,对辽宁省辽河流域内主要子流域水生态功能管理建设提供决策依据。2)通过与Tennant法的比较验证,结果表明月保证率法普适性较之鱼类生境法更好,而鱼类生境法可能更适用于集水面积大且受人为影响较小河段。结合两种方法的特点,将流域水文特征以及关键水生生物生境要求耦合在不同等级生态流量中,强调水文与生态之间的联系,可准确计算辽河流域内河流生态流量阈值。3)辽河流域主要河流不同等级生态流量值介于多年平均天然径流量的12%~64.6%。从水资源角度考虑,辽河中下游河道外水资源利用率最高上限应不超过88%,尤其是对于建有水利水电工程项目河段,至少应保证12%的年径流量作为生态流量以确保河流生态系统健康稳定;结合水质要求及辽河流域水资源开发利用阈值研究,保障流域水生态系统健康安全稳定,辽河流域河道外用水(农业、工业、生活用水)比重应低于35.4%。
[Abstract]:Water resources are an important guarantee for regional social and economic development. With the rapid development of society and economy in the river basin, the demand for water used in and outside the river is increasing, and the distribution of water for life, production and ecological water is improper, which destroys the balance of water demand of the natural ecosystem in the river. As a result, the minimum ecological flow of rivers can not be effectively guaranteed. Water resources environmental managers are facing a series of major water ecological security problems, such as how to restore, protect and maintain the health of river ecosystems, and guide the benign evolution of river ecosystems. Liaohe River Basin, as a key basin in northern China, also has more water resources and water ecological security problems. Based on the three-level zoning scheme of water ecological function in Liaohe River Basin of Liaoning Province, this paper studies the ecological flow of the main rivers in Liaohe River Basin of Liaoning Province. In order to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the allocation of water resources and water ecological security in Liaohe River Basin. 1) the hydrological situation analysis and hydrological frequency curve (Pearson III distribution pattern) are carried out by using hydrological data in Liaohe River Basin. The interannual variation and seasonal characteristics of runoff in Liaohe River Basin are obtained, and the influencing factors such as climate, topography, vegetation and land use type are combined. To provide decision-making basis for the construction of water ecological function management in the main sub-basins of Liaohe River Basin in Liaoning Province. 2) compared with Tennant method, the results show that the universality of monthly guarantee rate method is better than that of fish habitat method. The fish habitat method may be more suitable for the small reach with large water harvesting area and artificial influence. Combined with the characteristics of the two methods, the hydrological characteristics of the basin and the requirements of key aquatic living habitats are coupled in different levels of ecological flow, and the relationship between hydrological and ecological is emphasized. The ecological flow threshold of rivers in Liaohe River Basin can be calculated accurately. 3) the ecological discharge values of different grades of main rivers in Liaohe River Basin are 12% 鈮，
本文编号：2492939
[Abstract]:Water resources are an important guarantee for regional social and economic development. With the rapid development of society and economy in the river basin, the demand for water used in and outside the river is increasing, and the distribution of water for life, production and ecological water is improper, which destroys the balance of water demand of the natural ecosystem in the river. As a result, the minimum ecological flow of rivers can not be effectively guaranteed. Water resources environmental managers are facing a series of major water ecological security problems, such as how to restore, protect and maintain the health of river ecosystems, and guide the benign evolution of river ecosystems. Liaohe River Basin, as a key basin in northern China, also has more water resources and water ecological security problems. Based on the three-level zoning scheme of water ecological function in Liaohe River Basin of Liaoning Province, this paper studies the ecological flow of the main rivers in Liaohe River Basin of Liaoning Province. In order to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the allocation of water resources and water ecological security in Liaohe River Basin. 1) the hydrological situation analysis and hydrological frequency curve (Pearson III distribution pattern) are carried out by using hydrological data in Liaohe River Basin. The interannual variation and seasonal characteristics of runoff in Liaohe River Basin are obtained, and the influencing factors such as climate, topography, vegetation and land use type are combined. To provide decision-making basis for the construction of water ecological function management in the main sub-basins of Liaohe River Basin in Liaoning Province. 2) compared with Tennant method, the results show that the universality of monthly guarantee rate method is better than that of fish habitat method. The fish habitat method may be more suitable for the small reach with large water harvesting area and artificial influence. Combined with the characteristics of the two methods, the hydrological characteristics of the basin and the requirements of key aquatic living habitats are coupled in different levels of ecological flow, and the relationship between hydrological and ecological is emphasized. The ecological flow threshold of rivers in Liaohe River Basin can be calculated accurately. 3) the ecological discharge values of different grades of main rivers in Liaohe River Basin are 12% 鈮，
本文编号：2492939
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