寒冷地区多级垂直流人工湿地系统设计及氮磷去除效率

发布时间：2019-06-21 14:57

【摘要】：为了解决北方寒冷地区人工湿地冬季效率低、运行不稳定的问题,设计建设了两个多级垂直流人工湿地系统(multistage vertical-flow constructed wetlands,MVCWs),处理北京房山区居民生活污水,通过工程设计以及添加碳源强化系统脱氮效果,增加磷吸附基质等措施,提高系统稳定性和污染物的去除效率。研究结果表明,湿地系统Ⅰ化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)的平均去除率为87.3%;总磷(total phosphorus,TP)的平均去除率为91.9%;总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的平均去除率为68.9%,能够全年稳定运行。湿地系统Ⅱ采取半间歇式运行方式,在0.5 m3/(m2·d)的水力负荷条件下,对COD、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为92.5%、53.8%、77.2%。湿地系统Ⅱ厌氧单元添加62 kg木块后,COD/TN从0.93上升到1.85,比添加31 kg木块单元对TN的去除率提高15.6%。木块作为厌氧阶段的外加碳源,有效促进了垂直流人工湿地系统对氮的去除。通过垂直流人工湿地多级合理的单元设计,在厌氧阶段添加碳源有利于反硝化脱氮以及添加吸附磷的基质,提高冬季没有植物参与时高效除氮、磷,有效地保证对各种污染物的去除效率。使该研究中的人工湿地系统能够全年稳定运行,该研究结果可为人工湿地在中国北方的推广应用提供参考。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and unstable operation of constructed wetland in cold region of northern China, two multi-stage vertical flow constructed wetland systems (multistage vertical-flow constructed wetlands,MVCWs) were designed and constructed to treat domestic sewage of residents in Fangshan District of Beijing. Through engineering design and adding carbon source to strengthen the nitrogen removal effect of the system and increase the phosphorus adsorption matrix, the stability of the system and the removal efficiency of pollutants were improved. The results showed that the average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (chemical oxygen demand,COD), total phosphorus (total phosphorus,TP) and total nitrogen (total nitrogen,TN) were 87.3%, 91.9% and 68.9%, respectively. Under the condition of 0.5m3 / (m2 路d) hydraulic load, the average removal rates of COD,TN,TP were 92.5%, 53.8% and 77.2%, respectively. When 62 kg block was added to wetland system II, the COD/TN increased from 0.93 to 1.85, which was 15.6% higher than that of adding 31 kg block unit. As the added carbon source in the anaerobic stage, the wood block effectively promotes the removal of nitrogen in the vertical flow constructed wetland system. Through the multi-stage reasonable unit design of vertical flow constructed wetland, the addition of carbon source in the anaerobic stage is beneficial to denitrification and phosphorus removal, improves the efficient removal of nitrogen and phosphorus without the participation of plants in winter, and effectively ensures the removal efficiency of various pollutants. The constructed wetland system in this study can run stably all year round, and the results can provide a reference for the popularization and application of constructed wetland in northern China.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院;北京通州京环环境服务有限公司;
【基金】：国家国际科技合作专项项目“人工湿地在我国北方污水处理中的合作研究”(2011DFG93510)
【分类号】：X703

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